Normal Respiratory Rate by Age: Adults, Children and When Breathing Speed Is a Warning Sign
A normal respiratory rate for a resting adult is roughly 12 to 20 breaths per minute, with some medical references narrowing that to 12…
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Symptoms Explained
Explore Symptoms Explained at Acibadem International — experienced specialists, internationally accredited hospitals and dedicated multilingual support for patients from around the world.
Coughing Up Blood (Haemoptysis): Causes from Minor to Serious and When to Seek Urgent Care
Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) most often comes from irritated airways during a chest infection, a prolonged cough or bronchiectasis, and small streaks in phlegm…
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Empyema: What a Pleural Infection Is, Its Symptoms and Causes, and How It Is Treated
Empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space, the thin gap between the lung and the chest wall. It most often develops…
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Deep Brain Stimulation Cost: Device, Surgery and Follow-Up Pricing Explained
Deep brain stimulation cost is not one bill but three: a multidisciplinary assessment, the implant surgery itself (leads, extension wires and a pulse generator…
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Gallbladder Attack: What It Feels Like and What Helps While It Is Happening
During a gallbladder attack, stop eating — especially fatty food — sip plain water, hold a warm compress against the upper right abdomen, and…
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Colonoscopy: How Long It Takes, Whether It Hurts and How Sedation Works
The colonoscopy itself usually takes 30 to 60 minutes, though you should plan on two to three hours at the facility for check-in, sedation…
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Polyps and Findings During a Colonoscopy: What the Numbers Mean
There is no set "normal" number of polyps in a colonoscopy. Finding none is common, and so is finding one or several — colon…
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Why Am I So Bloated? The Gastroenterology View
Most bloating comes from gas produced when gut bacteria ferment certain carbohydrates, from swallowed air, from constipation, or from a digestive tract that senses…
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Pallor: What Genuine Paleness Points To — and What It Does Not
Pallor is an unusual lightening of the skin, inner eyelids, nail beds, or lips caused by reduced hemoglobin in the blood or reduced blood…
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Otorrhea (Ear Discharge): What the Colour and Timing Tell an ENT Surgeon
Otorrhea is the medical term for any fluid draining from the ear. Its color and timing help narrow the cause: yellow or green discharge…
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Ecchymosis: When a Bruise Is Ordinary and When It Is a Warning
Ecchymosis is the medical term for a flat bruise larger than about one centimeter, caused by blood leaking from small vessels under the skin.…
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Arthropathy: What the Word Covers and How Joint Disease Is Classified
Arthropathy is the umbrella term for any disease of a joint, regardless of cause. It includes degenerative wear such as osteoarthritis, autoimmune inflammation such…
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Autonomic Dysfunction: The Symptoms That Do Not Fit One Specialty
Autonomic dysfunction, also called dysautonomia, happens when the nerves that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, sweating, and temperature stop working smoothly. Symptoms —…
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Convulsions vs Seizures: What the Difference Means for Diagnosis
A convulsion is the visible event: sudden, uncontrolled shaking or stiffening of the body. A seizure is the underlying cause in many cases —…
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Obesity Classes Explained: What BMI 30, 35 and 40 Actually Change Clinically
Clinicians divide obesity into three classes by body mass index: class 1 is a BMI of 30 to 34.9, class 2 is 35 to…
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Papules: What These Small Skin Bumps Mean and When to Have Them Checked
Papules are small, solid, raised skin bumps — usually under a centimeter across — that contain no visible fluid or pus. Most come from…
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Paraplegia: Causes, Levels of Injury and What Rehabilitation Can Restore
Paraplegia is paralysis affecting the legs and, in some cases, the trunk, most often caused by damage to the spinal cord at or below…
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Moon Face: The Cortisol Connection Behind a Rounder Face
Moon face — a rounded, fuller face caused by fat redistribution and fluid retention — is most often linked to sustained high cortisol levels,…
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