Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm? An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in the lower part of the aorta, the…
999 conditions explained — symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options — across 40 categories, treated in 45 hospitals and clinics in Türkiye, Bulgaria, Serbia, Netherlands and North Macedonia by 2,361 physicians and surgeons with 861 treatments and procedures to draw on. Every condition page links to the treatments, specialists and departments that manage it. Browse by category, or search by name.
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm? An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in the lower part of the aorta, the…
Acanthosis nigricans causes dark, velvety skin patches, often linked to insulin resistance. Learn the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Learn what an accessory breast is, common accessory breast symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs to…
What is achalasia? Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and liquid from the mouth…
What is achilles tendinitis? Achilles tendinitis is irritation and inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the strong band of tissue that connects the…
Achilles Tendon Rupture is a tear of the heel cord causing sudden pain, weakness, and walking difficulty. Learn symptoms, diagnosis, and care.
Achondroplasia is a genetic form of short stature caused by an FGFR3 gene change. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and…
Learn what acid disorders are, common acid disorders symptoms, causes such as reflux and H. pylori, how they are diagnosed, and the…
ACL Tear is a knee ligament injury causing pain, swelling and instability. Learn symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options and recovery.
Learn what acne is, common acne symptoms, causes and risk factors, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that may help…
Acne Vulgaris is a common skin condition causing pimples, blackheads and cysts. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options.
Acoustic Neuroma is a benign vestibular nerve tumor. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to see a specialist.
What is acromegaly? Acromegaly is a rare hormonal condition in which the body makes too much growth hormone over a long period…
Actinic Keratosis is a sun-related precancerous skin change. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and when to see a dermatologist.
Learn about acute bronchitis: what it is, common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that need medical…
Acute Kidney Injury is a sudden drop in kidney function. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to seek care.
What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia? Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (often shortened to ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Bone…
Learn what acute lymphocytic leukemia is, its symptoms, causes and risk factors, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that may…
Periprosthetic shoulder infection is an infection around a shoulder replacement. Learn common symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed and treatment options.
Learn about mallet finger, a tendon injury that causes a drooping fingertip. Covers symptoms, common causes, how it is diagnosed, and treatment…
Loss of lumbar lordosis means the lower back curve has flattened. Learn common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment options.
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease explained in plain language: early symptoms, causes linked to BSE, how doctors diagnose it, supportive treatment and outlook.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare brain disorder from persistent measles virus. Learn its symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment…
Increased intracranial pressure explained: common symptoms, possible causes, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, and urgent warning signs.
Learn about tumor lysis syndrome, a cancer treatment emergency: its symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, prevention, and treatment options explained.
Learn about pediatric cancers: common types in children, early symptoms, possible causes and risk factors, how diagnosis is confirmed, and treatment options.
Learn what melanoma skin cancer is, its symptoms, causes and risk factors, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that may…
Hypotension means blood pressure that is lower than normal. Learn about hypotension symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment options.
Coronary slow flow explained in plain language: what it is, common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options and when…
Atherosclerosis is a gradual buildup of plaque inside the arteries. Learn about common symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, and treatment options.
Learn about urethral strictures, including common symptoms, causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, treatment options, outlook, and when to seek urgent care.
Learn about urethral trauma, including common symptoms, causes such as pelvic fractures and straddle injuries, how it is diagnosed, and treatment options.
Learn about urethritis, including common symptoms, infectious and non-infectious causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and when to seek care.
Learn about small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment options that may help.
Learn about malabsorption: what it is, common symptoms, causes such as celiac disease, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that…
Learn about dyspepsia (indigestion): common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that need urgent care.
Salivary gland tumors are growths in the glands that make saliva. Learn about common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose them, and…
Learn about primary fallopian tube carcinoma, including common symptoms, possible causes and risk factors, how it is diagnosed, and standard treatment options.
Learn about phyllodes tumors of the breast, including common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, and typical treatment options.
Learn what a short cervix means in pregnancy, why it often has no symptoms, how it is diagnosed by ultrasound, and treatment…
Learn what postpartum fever is, its common symptoms and causes after childbirth, how doctors diagnose the source, treatment options, and warning signs.
Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) explained: common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that mean you should see a…
Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) restricts tongue movement and may affect feeding or speech. Learn about tongue-tie symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options.
Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the ear canal. Learn about its symptoms, common causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options and…
Learn what a nasolabial cyst is, its typical symptoms, likely causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, and the surgical treatment options and…
Learn about sunburn symptoms, common causes, how doctors assess it, sunburn treatment options at home and in clinic, and warning signs that…
Learn about sun allergy, an itchy rash triggered by sunlight: sun allergy symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to see a…
Strawberry legs are dark dots on the legs from clogged or irritated hair follicles. Learn common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it…
Short stature means a child's height is well below average for age and sex. Learn about common causes, how doctors diagnose it,…
Early puberty (precocious puberty) explained: common symptoms in girls and boys, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options and when to…
Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune cause of underactive thyroid. Learn its symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and standard treatment options.
Toxic optic neuropathy is optic nerve damage caused by medicines, chemicals, alcohol or tobacco. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and outlook.
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is scar tissue that forms after retinal detachment or its repair. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment.
Learn about oculomotor nerve palsy, including common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that need urgent…
Middle lobe syndrome is recurrent collapse or infection of the lung's right middle lobe. Learn about its symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment.
Learn about acute bronchitis: what it is, common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that need medical…
Learn what COPD disease is, its common symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it with spirometry, and the treatment options that may…
Learn about upper respiratory tract infections in children, including symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose them, treatment options, and warning signs.
Rickets softens and weakens growing bones in children. Learn about rickets symptoms, causes such as vitamin D deficiency, how doctors diagnose it,…
Learn about neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies: common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and outlook.
Learn about syphilis, its symptoms by stage, causes, how doctors diagnose it with blood tests, and the antibiotic treatment that can cure…
Scarlet fever is a group A strep infection causing sore throat, fever and a sandpaper-like rash. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis and…
Learn about rubella (German measles): typical symptoms, how it spreads, how doctors confirm a diagnosis, treatment options, and the risks during pregnancy.
Learn about stress and burnout, including common symptoms, causes and risk factors, how doctors assess it, treatment options, outlook, and warning signs.
Learning difficulties in children explained: common symptoms, possible causes, how diagnosis is made, and the support and treatment options that may help.
Learn about hypochondriasis (illness anxiety disorder): common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options and when to seek help.
Learn about pediatric secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including common symptoms, triggers, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment options.
Inherited thrombophilia is a genetic tendency to form blood clots. Learn about symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, and possible treatment options.
Learn about glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare inherited platelet disorder: common symptoms, genetic causes, how diagnosis is confirmed and treatment options.
Trismus is a restricted ability to open the mouth. Learn about trismus symptoms, common causes, how it is diagnosed, treatment options and…
Learn about oral thrush, a Candida yeast infection of the mouth: common symptoms, causes and risk factors, how it is diagnosed, and…
Learn about mouth sores, including common symptoms, causes such as canker sores and cold sores, how doctors diagnose them, treatment options, and…
IgG4-related disease is a rare immune condition that inflames and scars organs. Learn about symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, and treatment…
Learn about familial Mediterranean fever: symptoms, genetic causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options such as colchicine, and when to seek care.
Learn what lupus is, common lupus symptoms, possible causes, how doctors reach a lupus diagnosis, and the treatment options that may help…
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that mostly affects girls. Learn about its symptoms, MECP2 gene causes, how it is diagnosed,…
Learn about nonketotic hyperglycinemia, a rare genetic glycine disorder: newborn and milder symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, and current treatment options.
Netherton syndrome is a rare genetic skin disorder causing scaly red skin, fragile hair and allergies. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis and…
Urofacial syndrome (Ochoa syndrome) combines an inverted smile with bladder dysfunction. Learn about symptoms, genetic causes, diagnosis and treatment options.
Renal scarring is permanent kidney damage, often after infection or reflux. Learn about renal scarring symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and outlook.
Proteinuria means excess protein in the urine. Learn about proteinuria symptoms, common causes, how it is diagnosed, treatment options and when to…
What is abdominal aortic aneurysm? An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in the lower part of the aorta, the…
What is deep vein thrombosis? Deep vein thrombosis, often shortened to DVT, is a condition in which a blood clot (a thrombus)…
What is spider veins? Spider veins, known medically as telangiectasias (tiny widened blood vessels visible at the skin surface), are small, thin…
Learn what a subphrenic abscess is, its symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it with CT and fluid sampling, and treatment options…
Learn what a splenic cyst is, common splenic cyst symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it with imaging, and treatment options from…
Learn about spigelian hernia: what it is, common symptoms, causes and risk factors, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options usually…
Gynaecomastia is enlargement of male breast gland tissue. Learn about its symptoms, common causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options.
Learn what congenital nevi are, their symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose them, and the treatment options from monitoring to surgical removal.
Learn what an accessory breast is, common accessory breast symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs to…
What is obesity? Obesity is a chronic medical condition in which a person carries an amount of body fat that is high…
Splenomegaly means an enlarged spleen. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to seek medical care.
Umbilical Hernia is a bulge near the belly button. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to seek medical care.
What is thyroid cancer? Thyroid cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow out of control in the thyroid gland. The…
What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a…
What is hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces more thyroid hormone than the body needs. The thyroid…
Learn about maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): common symptoms, genetic causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, and treatment options by subtype.
What is type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys…
What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the level of sugar in the blood…
Learn what severe patient-prosthesis mismatch is after heart valve replacement, its symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options available.
Subaortic stenosis is a narrowing below the aortic valve. Learn about symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, when surgery may be advised…
Overview Aortic regurgitation is a heart valve condition in which the aortic valve does not close properly. The aortic valve sits between…
Learn what diabetes mellitus is, its common symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that may help manage…
Acanthosis nigricans causes dark, velvety skin patches, often linked to insulin resistance. Learn the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Learn how oral health and systemic diseases are connected, including symptoms, causes, how dentists and doctors diagnose problems, and common treatment options.
Learn about myeloproliferative neoplasms, a group of chronic blood cancers: common symptoms, likely causes, how doctors diagnose them, and treatment options.
What is leukemia? Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue inside your…
What is multiple myeloma? Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that…
What is ventricular tachycardia? Ventricular tachycardia is a heart rhythm problem in which the lower chambers of the heart, called the ventricles,…
What is atrial flutter? Atrial flutter is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, also called an arrhythmia, in which the upper chambers…
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome is a heart rhythm disorder caused by an extra electrical pathway. Learn symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.
Learn what marrow failure is, its symptoms, common causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the main treatment options, including transplant and immune…
Learn what bone marrow failure is, its common symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the main treatment options, from supportive…
Learn what polycystic kidney disease is, its symptoms and causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options that may help slow…
What is allergic rhinitis? Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the lining of the nose caused by an allergic reaction. When a…
What is allergic conjunctivitis? Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of…
Primary Immunodeficiency is a group of immune system disorders causing recurrent infections. Learn symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Myalgia means muscle pain. Learn about common myalgia symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, treatment options, and warning signs that need urgent…
Piriformis syndrome causes deep buttock pain that may travel down the leg. Learn about symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment…
Learn about facet joint syndrome, including common symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and treatment options from physical therapy to injections.
Brain Tumor information: symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prognosis and when to see a specialist for medical assessment.
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to seek specialist care.
Childhood Brain Tumor explained: signs, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, recovery support, and when families should seek medical care.
What is cardiomyopathy? Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle itself. The word comes from “cardio” (heart), “myo” (muscle), and “pathy”…
Overview Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a temporary condition in which the heart muscle suddenly becomes weakened, often after intense emotional or physical stress.…
What is heart failure? Heart failure is a long-term condition in which the heart cannot pump blood as well as the body…
Stroke is a medical emergency affecting blood flow to the brain. Learn stroke symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and recovery.
Ischemic Stroke is a blockage of blood flow to the brain. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and recovery guidance.
Hemorrhagic Stroke is bleeding in or around the brain. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, emergency treatment, recovery, and prevention.
What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with…
What is myocardial infarction? A myocardial infarction, widely known as a heart attack, happens when blood flow to part of the heart…
What is stable angina? Stable angina is a type of chest pain or chest discomfort that happens when the heart muscle temporarily…
What is hypertension? Hypertension is the medical name for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the…
What is pulmonary hypertension? Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure inside the arteries of the lungs is higher…
Renal Artery Stenosis is narrowing of kidney arteries that can raise blood pressure and affect kidney function. Learn symptoms and treatment.
What is obesity? Obesity is a chronic medical condition in which a person carries an amount of body fat that is high…
Morbid Obesity is severe excess body weight that can affect health. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options.
Childhood Obesity is excess body fat in children that can affect health. Learn symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and when to seek care.
Learn about maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): common symptoms, genetic causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, and treatment options by subtype.
What is thyroid cancer? Thyroid cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow out of control in the thyroid gland. The…
What is type 1 diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys…
Stroke is a medical emergency affecting blood flow to the brain. Learn stroke symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and recovery.
Brain Tumor information: symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prognosis and when to see a specialist for medical assessment.
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options and when to seek specialist care.
Salivary gland tumors are growths in the glands that make saliva. Learn about common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors diagnose them, and…
Learn about primary fallopian tube carcinoma, including common symptoms, possible causes and risk factors, how it is diagnosed, and standard treatment options.
Learn about phyllodes tumors of the breast, including common symptoms, possible causes, how doctors confirm the diagnosis, and typical treatment options.
Learn what severe patient-prosthesis mismatch is after heart valve replacement, its symptoms, causes, how doctors diagnose it, and the treatment options available.
Subaortic stenosis is a narrowing below the aortic valve. Learn about symptoms, causes, how it is diagnosed, when surgery may be advised…
What is hypertension? Hypertension is the medical name for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the…
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