Excessive Yawning: When It’s Sleep Debt and When It’s a Signal

It happens mid-sentence, in the 3 p.m. meeting, right as your manager turns to you. The jaw stretches, the eyes water, and you clamp a hand over your mouth for the fourth time in ten minutes. Someone laughs. You laugh too, but privately you’re counting: that’s a lot of yawns for one Tuesday.

Yawning is one of the oldest reflexes we have. Fetuses do it in the womb by about 11 weeks. Fish do it. So do parakeets, wolves, and, famously, anyone watching someone else do it. Yet for something so universal, most of what people believe about yawning, that it’s about oxygen, that it always means boredom, doesn’t hold up under research.

Here’s what the evidence actually says about a string of yawns: when it’s simply your sleep ledger coming due, and when your body may be flagging something worth a closer look.

What Causes Yawning in the First Place?

A yawn is a coordinated, involuntary sequence: a long inhale, a wide stretch of the jaw, a brief peak of muscle tension, then a quick exhale, often with watery eyes. The whole event lasts about four to seven seconds, and once it starts, you can’t really stop it, try clenching your teeth mid-yawn and you’ll feel the reflex push through anyway.

The command center sits deep in the brain, in and around the hypothalamus and brainstem, regions that also manage sleep, temperature, and hormones. That neighborhood matters. It explains why yawning tracks so closely with drowsiness, why it clusters around waking and bedtime, and why brain chemicals tied to mood and arousal can change how often it happens.

What a yawn is for is a livelier question than you’d expect from a reflex this ancient. Researchers have proposed several roles, and they aren’t mutually exclusive:

• Shifting the brain from one state of alertness to another: the transitions between sleep and waking are prime yawning hours.
• Cooling the brain slightly through a rush of cooler air and increased blood flow to the head.
• Social signaling, contagious yawning appears in humans, chimpanzees, and even dogs, and seems tied to attention and empathy circuits.

One tidy piece of evidence for the brain connection: across mammal species, yawn length correlates with brain size and the number of neurons in the cortex. Humans, with heavyweight brains, are among the longest yawners recorded. Whatever a yawn does, it seems to do it for the brain more than for the lungs, which becomes important when we get to the oxygen myth.

How Much Yawning Counts as Excessive?

Most healthy adults yawn somewhere between five and roughly twenty times a day, with wide person-to-person variation. Morning grogginess, a warm conference room, a dull commute, all of that sits comfortably inside normal.

Researchers studying pathologic yawning have often used a working threshold of more than three yawns within 15 minutes, repeatedly, with no obvious trigger like fatigue or boredom. That’s not a diagnostic cutoff you’ll find on a lab report; it’s a research convention. But it’s a useful mental yardstick: a yawning spell during a slow afternoon is one thing, while relentless yawning at 10 a.m. after a full night’s sleep, day after day, is a different pattern.

Pattern	What it usually means
Clusters around waking, bedtime, or monotonous tasks	Normal state-transition yawning
Increases after a short night or disrupted sleep	Sleep debt: the most common explanation
Frequent bouts despite adequate rest, for weeks	Worth reviewing sleep quality and medications with a clinician
Paired with sudden sleep attacks, fainting, weakness, or chest symptoms	A signal that needs prompt medical attention

Context, in other words, matters more than the raw count. The MedlinePlus overview of excessive yawning makes the same point: the yawns themselves are rarely the problem: the question is what’s driving them. Two clues help sort that out quickly. First, does the yawning improve when your sleep improves? Second, is anything else new: a medication change, dizziness, unusual daytime sleepiness? Those two answers do most of the diagnostic work before you ever see a doctor.

Why Am I Yawning So Much? Start With Your Sleep Ledger

Before considering anything exotic, audit the obvious. Sleep debt is by far the most common answer to “why am I yawning so much,” and it hides in plain sight because people adapt to it. According to CDC data, more than one in three American adults regularly sleeps less than the recommended seven hours a night. Many of them would describe themselves as “fine, just a little tired.” Their yawn count tells a more honest story.

Sleep debt also compounds quietly. Losing an hour a night doesn’t feel dramatic on Tuesday, but by Friday you’re carrying a four-hour deficit, roughly half a night’s sleep, and your brain starts inserting drowsiness into the day wherever it can. Yawning spells are one of the earliest, least ignorable signs.

Quantity is only half the ledger. Quality counts just as much:

• Fragmented sleep, from a snoring partner, a restless pet, late-evening alcohol, or scrolling in bed, reduces deep and REM sleep even when total hours look fine.
• Irregular schedules, including shift work and weekend “catch-up” sleep that shifts your body clock, produce daytime sleepiness that eight hours on paper can’t fix.
• Untreated sleep disorders (more on those below) can shred sleep architecture without fully waking you, so you never register the disruption.

A practical test: keep a consistent schedule with a genuine seven-to-nine-hour sleep window for two weeks, and note whether the yawning fades. For most people, it does, and that’s diagnostic in itself. If it doesn’t budge despite honestly good sleep, that’s the moment the yawning stops being a sleep-debt story and becomes a question worth asking your clinician.

Is Excessive Yawning Due to Lack of Oxygen?

No, and this is the most stubborn myth in the entire topic. The intuition feels airtight: a yawn is a big breath, so surely the body is gulping oxygen or dumping carbon dioxide. Researchers tested exactly that hypothesis decades ago, and it failed cleanly.

In a series of experiments in the 1980s, psychologist Robert Provine had volunteers breathe air with elevated carbon dioxide: the very condition that should trigger frantic “compensatory” yawning if the theory were true. Their breathing rate shot up, as expected. Their yawning rate didn’t change. Breathing pure oxygen didn’t suppress yawning either. Exercise, which multiplies the body’s oxygen demand several times over, also left yawn frequency essentially untouched.

The physiology backs up the experiments. Blood oxygen and carbon dioxide are monitored by chemoreceptors that adjust breathing depth and rate continuously and precisely. A four-second yawn every few minutes would be a comically inefficient way to manage gas exchange compared with simply breathing slightly faster, which is what your body actually does.

Why does the myth matter? Because it points people’s worry in the wrong direction. Someone yawning constantly may fear their lungs or their “oxygen levels” when the real culprit is a shortened night of sleep or a medication side effect. And in the rare cases where yawning is a genuine medical signal, the mechanism runs through the brain and nervous system, brainstem circuits, temperature regulation, vagal tone, not through the airway. If you remember one thing from this article, let it be this: yawning is a brain event that borrows the mouth, not a breathing event.

Does Boredom Really Make You Yawn?

It does, but not because boredom is sleepy’s twin. The better framing comes from arousal research: yawning spikes during transitions in alertness, whenever the brain needs to shift gears. That includes winding down toward sleep, yes, but also revving up under monotony.

Watch people in genuinely low-stimulation situations and the pattern is striking. Provine’s classic observation compared students watching music videos with students watching a static color-bar test pattern; the test-pattern group yawned significantly more. Paratroopers have been observed yawning before their first jump. Olympic athletes yawn in the ready room. Musicians yawn backstage. None of these people are bored or sleep-deprived: their nervous systems are managing a state change under pressure, and yawning appears to be part of the toolkit.

This reframing is useful for everyday self-diagnosis:

• Yawning through a repetitive spreadsheet task at 2 p.m.? That’s your brain fighting monotony, not necessarily a sleep problem: a five-minute walk often resets it faster than caffeine.
• Yawning before a presentation or a difficult conversation? Likely an arousal-regulation yawn, and completely normal.
• Yawning through activities you genuinely find engaging, well rested? That’s the pattern that deserves more curiosity.

There’s a social wrinkle worth naming, too. Because we read yawns as boredom, they cause disproportionate embarrassment: the meeting yawn, the first-date yawn. The science offers a decent alibi: a yawn signals a brain adjusting its alertness, which is just as likely to mean effort as indifference. Feel free to cite the paratroopers.

The Brain-Cooling Theory: Why You Yawn More in a Warm Room

Of all the modern explanations for yawning, the thermoregulation hypothesis has gathered the most interesting experimental support. The idea: the brain runs hot: it consumes roughly 20 percent of the body’s energy despite being about 2 percent of its weight, and works best within a narrow temperature range. A yawn’s deep inhale of cooler air, plus the increased blood flow driven by that wide jaw stretch, may shave a fraction of a degree off brain temperature, like a brief flush of coolant.

The supporting evidence is genuinely clever. In studies led by researcher Andrew Gallup, people who held a cold pack to their forehead or breathed through their nose, both of which cool blood heading to the brain, yawned far less when shown videos of others yawning. In one experiment, nasal breathing nearly eliminated contagious yawning. Field studies found the same seasonal signature: pedestrians in Vienna and Arizona yawned more in mild, warm conditions (around 20°C / 68°F) than in winter cold or extreme summer heat, exactly the window where inhaled air can still cool the brain but ambient warmth nudges brain temperature up.

Honesty requires a caveat: this remains a hypothesis with good but not conclusive evidence, and it likely coexists with the arousal and social explanations rather than replacing them. Still, it has practical value. Fever, a stuffy room, heavy blankets, or an overheated car can all plausibly increase yawning. If your yawning spell coincides with feeling warm, the fix may be a window, a cooler drink, or a splash of water on the face, no sleep audit required.

Can Medications Make You Yawn a Lot?

Yes, and this cause is easy to miss because the timeline gives it away only if you’re looking. A new prescription starts, and two or three weeks later the yawning ramps up, long enough apart that most people never connect the two.

Two mechanisms are at work. The first is straightforward sedation: any medicine that causes drowsiness as a side effect, some allergy medicines, certain pain relievers, some blood pressure and mood medicines, can increase yawning simply by making you sleepier. The yawns are honest messengers of a drug-induced drowsiness.

The second mechanism is stranger and more specific. Some medicines that act on serotonin signaling, commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety, can trigger frequent yawning even in people who feel fully alert. Case reports describe patients yawning dozens of times an hour without any sleepiness at all. The likely explanation is that serotonin and dopamine pathways in the hypothalamus directly regulate the yawning reflex, so nudging those chemicals can turn the dial independently of fatigue. It’s an uncommon side effect, but a well-documented one in the medical literature.

What to do with this information:

• Note when the yawning started relative to any medication change, including dose adjustments.
• Don’t stop or change a prescription on your own, abruptly quitting some of these medicines carries its own risks.
• Raise it with your prescriber. Adjustments in timing or dosing strategy, made by a professional, often resolve the problem.

A two-line note in your phone, “started new medicine March 3, yawning noticeable by March 20”, is exactly the kind of detail that makes a clinician’s job easier.

Sleep Disorders That Hide Behind Daytime Yawning

Sometimes the sleep-debt explanation is right, but the debt isn’t voluntary. Two conditions deserve particular attention because they’re common, underdiagnosed, and treatable.

Obstructive sleep apnea is the classic hidden thief. The airway repeatedly narrows or closes during sleep, causing brief awakenings, sometimes dozens per hour, that the sleeper rarely remembers. You go to bed for eight hours and wake up having slept, functionally, far less. The NHS lists loud snoring, gasping or choking sounds during sleep, morning headaches, and marked daytime sleepiness as hallmark signs. Yawning through the day despite “plenty of sleep” fits the same picture. Risk rises with age and with weight, but apnea occurs in people of every body type, including children. A bed partner’s observations are often the most valuable diagnostic clue in the room.

Narcolepsy is rarer but important to recognize. It’s a neurological condition in which the brain can’t properly regulate sleep-wake cycles, producing overwhelming daytime sleepiness and, in some people, sudden “sleep attacks”, dozing off mid-conversation or mid-meal. Some also experience cataplexy, a brief loss of muscle control triggered by strong emotion like laughter. Frequent yawning is a minor note in a condition defined by that irresistible sleepiness, but it’s often part of the daily texture.

The common thread: if you consistently sleep what should be enough hours and still yawn and drag through the day for weeks, the problem may lie in the quality of the sleep itself. That’s not something willpower fixes: it’s something a sleep evaluation can actually measure.

Is Yawning Related to Heart Problems?

Occasionally, through an indirect route, and this deserves a careful, non-alarmist answer, because the internet tends to render it in scare fonts.

The connection runs through the vagus nerve, a long cranial nerve linking the brainstem to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. When vagal activity surges, a vasovagal response, heart rate and blood pressure drop, and people often feel warm, queasy, lightheaded, and yes, yawny in the moments before feeling faint. Mayo Clinic describes vasovagal syncope as the most common cause of fainting, usually harmless, and typically triggered by things like standing a long time, heat, the sight of blood, or intense emotion. A cluster of yawns can be part of that prodrome, alongside pale skin, sweating, and tunnel vision.

Because the vagus nerve also responds to cardiac events, there are scattered case reports of unusual yawning accompanying heart problems, including heart attack. Read the fine print, though: these are rare case reports, not a pattern seen in typical heart disease, and yawning appears alongside far louder symptoms, chest pressure, pain radiating to the arm or jaw, shortness of breath, cold sweat, nausea. No cardiologist screens for heart disease by counting yawns.

The honest summary: yawning alone, however frequent, is not a recognized warning sign of heart trouble. Yawning plus chest discomfort, breathlessness, lightheadedness, or a racing or irregular heartbeat is a different sentence entirely, one that ends with seeking urgent medical care, because those accompanying symptoms warrant it on their own merits, yawns or no yawns.

When Yawning Is a Neurological Signal

Because the yawning reflex lives in the brainstem and hypothalamus, conditions affecting those regions can occasionally push it into overdrive. Neurologists call this pathologic yawning, and while it’s uncommon, it’s well documented enough to take seriously.

The conditions reported in the medical literature include:

• Migraine. The most frequent and least frightening association. In surveys, a substantial minority of people with migraine, some studies suggest around a third, report repetitive yawning as part of the prodrome, the hours before head pain begins. For them, a yawning spell can serve as a genuinely useful early-warning system for taking preventive action.
• Stroke, particularly involving the brainstem. Case reports describe bouts of relentless yawning in the hours around certain strokes, always accompanied by other deficits such as sudden weakness, facial drooping, slurred speech, or vision changes.
• Multiple sclerosis, where lesions can touch yawning-related circuits, and where fatigue, itself a major MS symptom, adds a second pathway to frequent yawning.
• Epilepsy, rarely, with yawning reported before, during, or after certain seizures.
• Increased pressure or lesions near the brainstem, in scattered case reports.

Perspective is everything here. These associations come largely from case reports and small series, the medical equivalent of anecdotes with footnotes, and in essentially every serious scenario, yawning is a supporting character, never the lone symptom. A person having a stroke is not identified by yawns; they’re identified by sudden weakness, speech trouble, or facial asymmetry, with yawning as an occasional odd accompaniment. Frequent yawning in an otherwise healthy, under-slept person points to the pillow, not the neurologist.

What Deficiency Causes Yawning?

This question gets searched constantly, and the truthful answer is less tidy than the internet suggests: no nutrient deficiency directly causes yawning. There is no “yawning vitamin.” What deficiencies can do is cause fatigue, and fatigue brings yawning along as its most visible passenger.

Iron deficiency is the most plausible suspect. According to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, iron deficiency is among the most common nutritional shortfalls, particularly in menstruating women, pregnant women, frequent blood donors, and people with certain digestive conditions. When iron runs low enough to cause anemia, the blood carries less oxygen to tissues, and the signature symptoms are fatigue, weakness, pale skin, feeling cold, and shortness of breath with exertion. A tired body yawns more, but note the chain of causation: the deficiency causes fatigue, and fatigue raises the yawn count. Iron also has a second, sneakier route: low iron stores are linked to restless legs syndrome, which fragments sleep night after night and manufactures daytime sleepiness that way.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can similarly produce fatigue and, over time, neurological symptoms. Again, yawning would be downstream of the tiredness, not a direct effect.

Two practical points follow. First, if frequent yawning comes packaged with genuine exhaustion, breathlessness on stairs, unusual paleness, brittle nails, or ice cravings, a simple blood test can check for anemia: that’s a conversation for your doctor, not a reason to self-prescribe supplements, since excess iron carries real risks. Second, if your energy is otherwise fine and only the yawning is frequent, a deficiency is an unlikely explanation, and your time is better spent auditing sleep, temperature, and medications.

Anxiety, Air Hunger, and the Yawn-Sigh Loop

People with anxiety often describe a peculiar respiratory feeling: the sense that they can’t get a fully satisfying breath, sometimes called air hunger. They stretch, sigh, and yawn repeatedly, chasing that one complete inhale. It’s uncomfortable, it feeds the anxiety, and it has a coherent explanation.

Anxiety shifts breathing patterns, typically toward faster, shallower, chest-dominant breaths. That pattern can subtly alter carbon dioxide levels and create the sensation of incomplete breathing even when oxygen levels are perfectly normal. The nervous system responds with deep-breath behaviors: sighs and yawns. Each yawn briefly satisfies the urge, the sensation returns, and a loop forms. Add anxiety’s other contributions, disrupted sleep, sustained arousal states that the brain keeps trying to regulate, and it’s no surprise that yawning spells and anxious periods travel together.

A few things reliably help interrupt the loop:

• Slow, low breathing, in through the nose, longer exhale than inhale, letting the belly rather than the chest do the work. This settles the pattern that created the air hunger in the first place.
• Naming it. Understanding that the “can’t catch my breath” feeling is a known, benign anxiety symptom, not a lung or heart failure, removes much of its fuel.
• Movement. A brisk ten-minute walk discharges arousal and normalizes breathing more effectively than sitting and monitoring each breath.

One boundary worth stating plainly: new or worsening breathlessness should never be automatically filed under anxiety, especially with chest pain, wheezing, or symptoms at rest. That combination merits a medical assessment first; the anxiety explanation can wait its turn until more serious causes are ruled out.

How Do I Stop Excessive Yawning?

There’s no way to switch off a yawn mid-reflex, the sequence is essentially unstoppable once triggered, but you can absolutely reduce how often the trigger fires. The strategies map directly onto the causes.

Pay down the sleep debt. This is the intervention with the highest odds of success. Protect a consistent seven-to-nine-hour window, keep wake time steady even on weekends, dim screens in the last hour, and keep the bedroom cool and dark. Give it two weeks before judging the results; sleep debt built over months doesn’t clear in a night.

Cool down. If the thermoregulation research is right, and it’s the best-supported acute tactic we have, cooling the head reduces yawning directly. Breathe through your nose, sip a cold drink, step into cooler air, or press something cool to your forehead. In lab studies, nasal breathing and forehead cooling dramatically cut yawning frequency.

Break the monotony. For arousal-related yawning, change the input: stand, walk for five minutes, switch tasks, get daylight on your face. Movement outperforms willpower every time.

Time your caffeine wisely. A modest morning dose helps alertness, but caffeine after mid-afternoon lingers for hours and quietly degrades the night’s sleep, creating tomorrow’s yawns while suppressing today’s.

Review medications with your prescriber if the timeline fits, and treat any underlying condition, sleep apnea, anemia, anxiety, rather than the yawn itself.

For the unstoppable yawn in a socially awkward moment: inhale sharply through the nose and exhale slowly. It sometimes aborts the reflex, and when it doesn’t, it at least looks composed.

When to See a Doctor About Excessive Yawning

Most yawning spells resolve with better sleep and never need a medical opinion. The following patterns are the exceptions, roughly ordered by urgency.

Seek emergency care immediately if frequent yawning accompanies any of these: the companions, not the yawns, are the emergency:

• Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, facial drooping, slurred speech, sudden severe headache, or vision loss, possible stroke signs, where minutes matter.
• Chest pain or pressure, pain spreading to the arm, neck, or jaw, shortness of breath, or a cold sweat.
• Fainting or near-fainting, especially if it happens during exertion or without warning.

Book a routine appointment if any of these describe you:

• Yawning has been frequent for several weeks despite a genuine, consistent seven-plus hours of sleep opportunity.
• You snore loudly, gasp during sleep, wake with headaches, or fight to stay awake while driving or in meetings, signals that point toward a sleep study.
• The yawning began within weeks of starting or changing a medication.
• It comes packaged with exhaustion, paleness, breathlessness on stairs, or feeling unusually cold, reasons to check for anemia and thyroid function.
• You experience sudden, irresistible sleep attacks or brief muscle weakness triggered by emotion.

Come prepared: a week of notes on your sleep times, yawn-heavy periods, medications, and caffeine goes further than a vague “I yawn a lot.” Clinicians work best with patterns, and this symptom is all about pattern. And if the workup finds nothing? That’s a genuinely reassuring answer, some people simply sit at the yawny end of a wide normal range.

Frequently asked questions

Why am I yawning so much all of a sudden?

The most likely explanation is recent sleep loss or fragmented sleep, even if it doesn’t feel dramatic, sleep debt compounds over a few short nights. Other common triggers include a warm environment, monotonous tasks, a recently started medication, or an anxious stretch that changed your breathing. If the yawning persists for weeks despite a consistent seven-to-nine-hour sleep schedule, discuss it with your doctor.

Is excessive yawning due to lack of oxygen?

No. This popular belief was directly tested in experiments where volunteers breathed carbon dioxide–enriched air or pure oxygen; neither changed how often they yawned, and exercise didn’t either. Your blood gases are regulated continuously by breathing rate, not by yawns. Yawning is driven by brain circuits tied to sleep, temperature, and alertness, so frequent yawning points toward sleepiness or arousal changes, not toward a breathing or oxygen problem.

What deficiency causes yawning?

No deficiency causes yawning directly, but iron deficiency anemia is the most relevant indirect one because it causes fatigue, and tired people yawn more. Low iron is also linked to restless legs syndrome, which fragments sleep. Vitamin B12 deficiency can similarly produce tiredness. If yawning comes with exhaustion, paleness, or breathlessness on exertion, ask your doctor about a blood test rather than self-prescribing supplements, since excess iron carries real risks.

Is yawning related to heart problems?

Rarely, and only indirectly. The vagus nerve connects the brainstem to the heart, and a surge in vagal activity, the vasovagal response that precedes common fainting, can include yawning along with nausea, sweating, and lightheadedness. Scattered case reports link unusual yawning to cardiac events, but always alongside major symptoms like chest pressure or breathlessness. Yawning alone is not a recognized heart warning sign; yawning plus chest symptoms warrants urgent care.

How do I stop excessive yawning?

Address the trigger rather than the reflex. Paying down sleep debt with a consistent seven-to-nine-hour schedule helps most people within two weeks. For quick relief, cool down: breathe through your nose, sip a cold drink, or press something cool to your forehead, tactics that reduced yawning sharply in studies. Break up monotonous tasks with movement, limit caffeine after mid-afternoon, and review any recently started medications with your prescriber.

Can anxiety cause excessive yawning?

Yes. Anxiety shifts breathing toward fast, shallow chest breaths, which can create ‘air hunger’, the feeling of never getting a satisfying breath, and the nervous system responds with repeated sighs and yawns. Anxiety also disrupts sleep, adding ordinary tiredness on top. Slow nasal breathing with long exhales usually interrupts the loop. New or worsening breathlessness with chest pain should be medically evaluated first, not assumed to be anxiety.

Is excessive yawning a sign of a stroke or other neurological problem?

Very rarely, and never as a lone symptom. Case reports describe bouts of relentless yawning around brainstem strokes, in multiple sclerosis, and with some seizures, because those conditions can affect the brain regions housing the yawning reflex. In every serious scenario, louder symptoms dominate: sudden weakness, facial drooping, slurred speech, or vision changes. Those signs mean calling emergency services immediately, with or without yawning. Frequent yawning in an otherwise well person points to sleep, not stroke.

How many yawns a day is normal?

Most healthy adults yawn roughly five to twenty times a day, with wide individual variation, some people naturally yawn far more without any underlying problem. Yawns normally cluster around waking, bedtime, warm environments, and monotonous tasks. Researchers flag concern only when yawning is repetitive and triggerless, for example, more than three yawns in 15 minutes, again and again, or when it arrives with other symptoms like severe sleepiness or fainting.

Why do I yawn during or after exercise?

Probably temperature regulation, not oxygen. Exercise raises core and brain temperature, and the brain-cooling hypothesis suggests yawning helps shed some of that heat through cooler inhaled air and increased blood flow to the head. Studies show exercise does not increase yawning through oxygen demand, breathing rate handles that. Post-workout yawning in a warm gym is common and benign; cooling down, hydrating, and moving to fresher air usually settles it.

Why do I still yawn a lot after a full night's sleep?

Hours in bed don’t guarantee restorative sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea can interrupt sleep dozens of times an hour without your awareness, leaving you yawning through the day despite eight hours on paper, loud snoring, gasping, and morning headaches are telltale signs. Other possibilities include medication side effects, anemia, a warm environment, or an irregular sleep schedule that has shifted your body clock. Persistent daytime sleepiness despite adequate sleep time deserves a medical evaluation.

References

• Yawning – excessive: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
• Sleep apnoea: NHS
• Narcolepsy: NHS
• About Sleep: CDC

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.