Articles on hormones and menopause: the symptoms, what hormone tests can and cannot tell you, the treatment options and practical ways to cope. Treatment choices depend on your own history and are made with a doctor.
Menopause brain fog is the cluster of memory lapses, word-finding trouble and poor concentration that many women notice during perimenopause and early menopause. Falling…
Randomized controlled trials have not found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) causes weight gain. In the largest studies, women taking HRT gained the same…
Menopause fatigue is persistent tiredness during perimenopause and after menopause, driven mostly by broken sleep from hot flashes and night sweats, shifting estrogen and…
Surgical menopause is the abrupt menopause that begins when both ovaries are removed (bilateral oophorectomy). Estrogen and testosterone fall within days rather than years,…
Menopause hair loss is usually female pattern hair loss, also called androgenetic alopecia, unmasked when estrogen falls and androgens gain relative influence over hair…
Perimenopause periods commonly become irregular in the years before menopause: cycles may shorten to 21–24 days, then lengthen, and flow can be heavier or…
Hot flashes are caused by a narrowed temperature-control range in the hypothalamus, the brain's thermostat. When estrogen falls during perimenopause and menopause, nerve cells…
Early menopause means periods stop permanently before age 45; before 40 it is called premature menopause or primary ovarian insufficiency. The first signs are…
A menopause diet is not a single plan. The best evidence supports a Mediterranean-style pattern: adequate protein spread across the day, about 1,200 mg…
Estrogen dominance is not a recognized medical diagnosis. The term describes a theory that estrogen is too high relative to progesterone, but no accepted…
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is the collection of vulvar, vaginal and urinary changes caused by falling estrogen after menopause, including dryness, burning, pain…
Fezolinetant (Veozah) is a non-hormonal prescription medicine approved for moderate to severe menopausal hot flashes and night sweats. In randomized trials it cut hot-flash…
Hot flashes at night often cluster after midnight because core body temperature, sleep stage and overnight hormone rhythms all shift during the second half…
HRT side effects range from short-lived symptoms such as breast tenderness, nausea, bloating and spotting, which usually settle within a few months, to small…
There is no single perimenopause test. Perimenopause is diagnosed from your age, your changing menstrual pattern and your symptoms, not from a lab value.…
Randomized trials have not shown that black cohosh works better than placebo for hot flashes, and soy isoflavone trials are mixed, with small benefits…
Perimenopause, the hormonal transition before menopause, lasts about four years on average, but the normal range runs from a few months to roughly ten…
The DUTCH test is a dried-urine panel that measures sex hormones, cortisol and their breakdown products, plus a cortisol pattern across one day. Its…
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