Articles on kidney and urinary health: kidney function tests, stones, urinary infections and prostate symptoms, each explained with clear next steps and the signs that need prompt attention.
In the first weeks, pelvic floor exercises and bladder training usually start with a continence assessment, learning to find and squeeze the correct muscles,…
A ureteral stent after stone removal is a soft, hollow tube that keeps the ureter open while swelling settles; it commonly causes urgency, flank…
Interstitial cystitis and a urinary tract infection can feel almost identical: burning, urgency, pelvic pressure, and frequent trips to the bathroom. The difference is…
Treatment for renal osteodystrophy aims to correct the mineral imbalance behind the bone damage, chiefly high phosphate and overactive parathyroid glands. Done steadily, it…
Doctors usually ask for a urine sample before prescribing antibiotics for a suspected bladder infection because the test confirms whether bacteria and inflammation are…
Preparation for ureteral stricture surgery usually has three parts. Any urinary infection is identified with a urine culture and treated first, sometimes after placing…
Recovery after varicocele repair is usually brisk. Most people manage light, non-strenuous activity within about two days and return to exercise around two weeks,…
Before choosing among dialysis, kidney transplant or conservative kidney care, ask your nephrologist what your current eGFR and urine albumin results mean, how quickly…
For a recurrent UTI appointment, bring every urine culture report you can find with the bacteria and sensitivity columns, a dated symptom diary showing…
Most men with a symptomatic enlarged prostate start with lifestyle changes and, if needed, medication such as an alpha-blocker or a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor.…
Orchitis that is not getting better usually deserves a same-day call to your urologist or the clinician who prescribed treatment. Bacterial epididymo-orchitis typically begins…
PSA targets differ because the goal changes. Screening looks for cancer in an intact prostate, so a level up to about 4 ng/mL is…
When a catheter is placed for urinary retention, a thin, flexible tube is passed through the urethra (or, less often, through the lower abdomen)…
Hydronephrosis in pregnancy is usually a mild, expected widening of the kidney's drainage system caused by hormone-relaxed ureters and pressure from the growing uterus,…
Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, the coiled tube behind each testicle that stores and carries sperm. Bacteria are the most common cause: sexually…
Mild swelling after circumcision, a soft yellow film over the wound, bruising, and a few spots of blood are expected in the first week…
A retrograde urethrogram is an X-ray study in which contrast dye is gently instilled through the opening of the urethra so the whole tube…
Urinary incontinence is grouped into four main types by what causes the leak: stress (pressure from coughing or lifting overwhelms the urethral seal), urge…
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