Articles on medical technology: robotic surgery, advanced imaging, radiotherapy systems and other equipment, explained by what each actually changes for the patient rather than by brand names.
Chemotherapy uses drugs that kill fast-dividing cells directly, which is why it also affects hair, gut lining and blood counts. Immunotherapy instead helps the…
Chemotherapy works by damaging cells at the moment they divide. Cancer cells divide more often and repair themselves less reliably than most healthy cells,…
Immunotherapy side effects happen because the treatment releases the immune system's natural brakes, so healthy tissue can be attacked alongside cancer. Most effects are…
An oncologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing, staging and treating cancer, then following patients afterward. Most oncologists work in one of three…
Chemotherapy side effects depend on the medicines used, the treatment schedule and the person receiving them. The most common are fatigue, nausea, hair loss,…
Radiation therapy side effects come from damage to healthy cells near the treated area, so they depend on where the beam is aimed. Fatigue…
Life expectancy after brain tumor surgery varies enormously because it depends far more on the tumor than on the operation. Many people with a…
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and teenagers, usually starting near the knee or shoulder during the adolescent growth spurt. Early…
Metastatic osteosarcoma is bone cancer that has spread beyond the bone where it began, most often to the lungs and less commonly to other…
Osteosarcoma prognosis depends mostly on whether the cancer has spread when it is found, where the tumor sits in the skeleton, how thoroughly it…
Early brain tumor symptoms depend on where the tumor sits, but the most commonly reported are new or changing headaches (often worse in the…
Glioblastoma is rarely hereditary. Most cases arise from genetic changes that occur in brain cells during a person's lifetime and cannot be passed on.…
Brain tumor survival rate is a population average, not a personal forecast. Roughly one in three adults diagnosed with a malignant primary brain tumor…
Brain tumor prognosis depends less on the words "brain tumor" than on the specific diagnosis: the tumor's type and WHO grade, its molecular features,…
Across mainstream cancer registries, roughly 7 in 10 people whose osteosarcoma is confined to the bone where it started are alive five years after…
Colon cancer treatment depends mainly on stage. Early tumors are usually removed with surgery alone, sometimes during colonoscopy. Cancer that has reached nearby lymph…
Multiple myeloma is staged with the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), which sorts the disease into stages I, II and III using blood tests…
Multiple myeloma is generally considered treatable but not curable. Most people respond to treatment and enter remission, sometimes with no detectable disease for years,…
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