Melasma, Sun Spots or Post-Inflammatory Marks: How a Pigmentation Treatment Plan Is Built

It usually starts in a car mirror. The light comes in sideways, and a soft brown shadow appears across one cheekbone that was not there last spring. Then the other cheek, almost a mirror image. Concealer works until noon. A friend says it is “just sun damage”; a cousin swears it is hormonal; the internet offers a dozen creams with a dozen promises.

The first thing a dermatologist does with that story is refuse to guess. Melasma, sun spots and the marks left behind by acne or a healed rash can all look like flat brown patches, yet they have different causes, sit at different depths in the skin and respond to different tools. A melasma treatment plan built for the wrong diagnosis wastes months and can make pigment worse.

This explainer walks through how clinicians tell the three apart, why sun protection is the non-negotiable base layer, what topical and procedural options actually do, and what the following months tend to look like. Every decision along the way belongs with your treating team.

Why brown patches on the face are not all the same problem

Skin color comes from melanin, a pigment made by cells called melanocytes that sit in the bottom layer of the epidermis, the skin’s outer sheet. Melanocytes hand tiny packets of melanin to neighboring skin cells, which carry it upward as they mature and eventually shed. Every brown patch on the face is, in the end, a story about melanocytes making too much pigment, delivering it to the wrong place, or having it trapped where the skin cannot clear it.

The three most common stories differ in their plot. In melasma, melanocytes are overactive across a whole region, often driven by hormones, sunlight and heat together. In sun spots, also called solar lentigines, decades of ultraviolet exposure leave clusters of melanocytes permanently switched on in small, sharp-edged islands. In post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, an injury such as a pimple, a burn or eczema triggers a burst of melanin that can spill down into the dermis, the deeper layer, where it lingers because there is no shedding surface to carry it away.

Depth matters as much as cause. Pigment in the epidermis can be reached by creams and cleared as the skin renews itself. Pigment that has dropped into the dermis is protected from topicals and clears only slowly, if at all. Cleveland Clinic notes that melasma itself can be epidermal, dermal or a mixture, which is one reason two people with similar-looking cheeks can have very different results from the same regimen.

The practical point for anyone facing a mirror is simple: the most valuable part of any pigmentation plan is the first appointment, when someone with a trained eye works out which of the three stories they are looking at. Everything after that follows from the diagnosis.

Melasma vs sun spots vs post-inflammatory marks: how the diagnosis is made

Most of the time the diagnosis is made by looking, asking and shining a light. The clinician wants to know when the patches appeared, whether pregnancy or a hormonal contraceptive preceded them, whether there was a rash or breakout in the same spot, how the color shifts with the seasons and whether anyone in the family has similar marks. Then comes the Wood’s lamp, a handheld ultraviolet light that makes epidermal pigment appear sharper and dermal pigment look blurred, giving a rough sense of depth. A skin biopsy is rarely needed, but it is used when a patch looks unusual or does not behave the way melasma should.

Feature	Melasma	Sun spots (solar lentigines)	Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Typical look	Blotchy, symmetric tan-to-brown patches with irregular edges	Small, flat, sharply bordered spots, often several	Marks that trace the shape of a previous pimple, cut or rash
Usual location	Cheeks, upper lip, forehead, bridge of nose, sometimes forearms	Face, backs of hands, shoulders, upper back	Wherever the inflammation was
Main drivers	Hormones, ultraviolet and visible light, heat, genetics	Cumulative sun exposure over years	Injury or inflammation, worsened by sun
Who it tends to affect	Mostly women of reproductive age, more often with medium to deeper skin tones	Adults, increasingly after age 50 per Mayo Clinic	Anyone, but darker skin tones pigment more readily
Behavior	Chronic, flares with sun and hormones, tends to recur	Stable, slowly accumulate	Usually fades over months once the cause stops

One distinction deserves emphasis. Melasma is a tendency of the skin, not a single lesion, so it is managed rather than removed. Sun spots are individual lesions that can be targeted one by one. Post-inflammatory marks are a healing process interrupted by pigment, so the underlying cause is the first target. The label changes the plan.

What drives melasma, and why sunlight is only part of the story

Ask most people what causes melasma and they will say the sun. They are right, but only partly. MedlinePlus describes melasma as most common in women, particularly during pregnancy, when it earns the nickname “the mask of pregnancy”, and in those using hormonal birth control or hormone therapy. Estrogen and progesterone appear to make melanocytes more responsive, so the same afternoon of sun that leaves one person with a faint tan leaves another with sharply defined cheek patches.

Ultraviolet light is the obvious accelerator, but research summarized by Harvard Health points to visible light, especially the blue-violet end of the spectrum, as a trigger too, and to heat as a possible contributor. This is why some people notice flares after a hot kitchen shift or a summer without any obvious burn. It also explains why an ordinary sunscreen, which filters ultraviolet but lets visible light through, can leave melasma stubbornly unchanged.

Genetics load the dice. Cleveland Clinic notes that people with a family history and those with medium to deeper skin tones are more likely to develop melasma, presumably because their melanocytes are already primed to respond. Thyroid disease has been associated with it in some studies, and certain medicines that make skin more light-sensitive may play a role, though the evidence here is weaker and clinicians treat these as points to check rather than established causes.

Newer work suggests melasma is not purely a melanocyte problem. Increased blood vessel activity and changes in the supporting dermis have been found in affected skin, which may be why some plans include ingredients that act on blood vessels or inflammation rather than pigment alone. The science is still settling; what is clear is that a plan aimed only at the sun will address one driver among several.

How a melasma treatment plan is built, step by step

Picture a pyramid. The wide base is sun and light protection, because nothing above it holds without it. The next layer is a topical regimen that slows pigment production and speeds its clearance. Procedures such as chemical peels or lasers sit near the top, used selectively and usually after topicals have done their work. At the very tip is maintenance, the part most people underestimate and the part that determines whether the pyramid stays standing.

Step one is the diagnosis and depth assessment described above, plus a frank conversation about triggers. If a hormonal contraceptive or hormone therapy coincided with the onset, the prescribing clinician may review it, weighing pigmentation against the reasons the medicine was started. Nobody should stop a prescribed medicine because of melasma without that conversation.

Step two is protection, started the same day. Cleveland Clinic recommends broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF 30 daily, and for melasma many dermatologists favor mineral formulations tinted with iron oxides, which block visible light as well as ultraviolet. Hats, shade and window awareness round this out.

Step three is the topical regimen, chosen for the person’s skin tone, depth of pigment, pregnancy status and tolerance for irritation. Combination products that pair a pigment-blocking agent with a retinoid and a mild anti-inflammatory are common starting points; single agents are used where combinations are unsuitable. Photographs are taken so that progress can be measured rather than remembered.

Step four, if needed, is a procedure, and step five is the long game: a lighter maintenance regimen, continued protection and a plan for the flare that summer or a pregnancy is likely to bring. Each step is a decision made together with the treating team, revisited at follow-up rather than fixed in advance.

Why sun protection is the foundation of every pigmentation plan

Here is the opinion this article is willing to state plainly: the single most consequential habit in pigmentation care is not a cream, a peel or a laser. It is applying enough broad-spectrum sunscreen every morning and again in the afternoon, whether the day looks sunny or not. Melanocytes do not distinguish between a beach and a cloudy commute; ultraviolet A passes through cloud and through car and office glass, and visible light is everywhere there is light.

Broad-spectrum means the product filters both ultraviolet B, which burns, and ultraviolet A, which penetrates deeper and drives pigmentation and aging. SPF describes protection against ultraviolet B only, which is why Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic both frame SPF 30 as a minimum rather than a target and pair it with reapplication and shade. For melasma specifically, the visible-light problem means that a sunscreen containing iron oxides, which give tinted mineral formulas their color, offers coverage an untinted product cannot.

Quantity is where most people fall short. Sunscreen testing assumes a generous layer; in practice most people apply far less and get a fraction of the labeled protection. A useful mental image is a line of product along two full fingers for the face and neck, spread before makeup. Reapplication matters after sweating, swimming or several hours indoors near windows.

Protection also includes the things that are not sunscreen: a brimmed hat that actually shades the cheeks, sunglasses that stop squinting, avoiding the midday hours where possible, and being honest about heat sources such as saunas or open flames that may aggravate melasma in some people. None of this is glamorous. All of it is what allows the layers above to work.

Which topical medicines are used for melasma, and how they work

Topicals are the workhorses of a melasma treatment plan, and understanding their mechanisms makes the regimen feel less arbitrary. They are described here by class and generic name for explanation only; what suits a particular face is a prescribing decision.

The best-studied pigment blocker is hydroquinone, which interferes with tyrosinase, the enzyme melanocytes use to make melanin. Cleveland Clinic and Harvard Health describe it as a mainstay, often prescribed in cycles because prolonged uninterrupted use has been linked to ochronosis, a paradoxical blue-black discoloration that is difficult to reverse. Its use is supervised for this reason.

Retinoids such as tretinoin are vitamin A derivatives that speed the turnover of skin cells, helping pigment-laden cells reach the surface and shed sooner while also improving how other ingredients penetrate. They commonly cause dryness and redness in the first weeks, and they are avoided in pregnancy.

Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring acid, also inhibits tyrosinase and calms inflammation, which makes it a frequent choice when acne and pigmentation overlap or when a pregnancy-compatible option is needed. Kojic acid, arbutin, vitamin C and niacinamide act on pigment production or transfer in gentler ways and often appear in maintenance regimens or over-the-counter products, with evidence that is real but generally more modest.

Many dermatologists start with a fixed combination of hydroquinone, a retinoid and a mild corticosteroid, an approach Harvard Health notes has stronger evidence than any single ingredient, with the steroid there to soften irritation for a limited period. Whatever the choice, the timeline is measured in months: Cleveland Clinic advises that visible improvement typically takes several months of consistent use, which is why photographs, not daily mirror checks, are the honest way to judge progress.

Oral options, peels, lasers and microneedling: where they fit

When topicals and protection have been given a fair trial and the pigment is still stubborn, the plan can climb the pyramid. Each higher option carries more potential to help and more potential to harm, which is why they sit higher.

Oral tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic, a medicine originally developed to reduce bleeding, that appears to quiet the signaling between skin cells and melanocytes and to calm the blood vessel component of melasma. Harvard Health describes growing evidence for its use in melasma, where it is prescribed off-label, meaning outside its original approved purpose. Because it acts on the clotting system, it is avoided in people with a history of blood clots, some heart conditions or certain hormonal medicines, and the prescribing clinician screens for these before considering it.

Chemical peels use acids such as glycolic acid to remove the outermost layers in a controlled way, carrying epidermal pigment off with them. Superficial peels are the usual choice for melasma; deeper peels raise the risk of the very inflammation that causes pigment in the first place, particularly in deeper skin tones.

Lasers and intense pulsed light target pigment with energy, and they work well for isolated sun spots, where the pigment is clustered and the surrounding skin is not primed to overreact. In melasma they are used cautiously and at low settings, if at all, because heat can provoke rebound darkening. Microneedling, which creates tiny controlled punctures, is sometimes used to help topicals penetrate, with early but limited evidence.

For every procedure, the honest framing is the same: it can reduce pigment, it cannot switch off the tendency, and the base of the pyramid still has to hold afterward.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation treatment: why patience is the plan

The brown mark that outlasts a pimple by half a year feels like a failure of the skin. It is closer to the opposite: it is the skin’s healing response leaving a signature. Inflammation releases chemical messengers that tell nearby melanocytes to produce more melanin, and when the inflammation is deep enough, some of that pigment falls into the dermis, where the immune system clears it very slowly.

The first rule of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation treatment is to stop the injury. If acne is still active, the pigmentation plan begins with acne control, because every new lesion is a new mark in waiting. If eczema, ingrown hairs or a habit of picking is the source, that is addressed first. Treating the marks while the cause continues is like mopping with the tap running.

The second rule is sun protection, for the same reasons as melasma: ultraviolet light deepens and prolongs these marks, and darker skin tones, which pigment most readily, are also the ones in which marks last longest. Cleveland Clinic notes that hyperpigmentation from inflammation can take months to fade even with treatment, and longer when pigment is dermal.

Topicals overlap with the melasma toolkit. Retinoids speed shedding of epidermal pigment; azelaic acid treats acne and pigment at once; tyrosinase inhibitors reduce ongoing production. Superficial peels can help epidermal marks. Aggressive procedures are approached carefully, because in skin that just proved it pigments after injury, a peel or laser that is too strong simply creates new marks.

The encouraging difference from melasma is trajectory. Post-inflammatory marks are generally a healing process with an end point, not a lifelong tendency. Given time, protection and a settled cause, most gradually fade; the plan mostly shortens the wait and prevents additions.

Who a melasma treatment plan is usually for, and who is asked to wait

A pigmentation plan is usually offered to anyone whose melasma, sun spots or post-inflammatory marks have been confirmed by a clinician, who is bothered by them, and who is prepared for a program measured in months rather than weeks. Motivation is not a small point: the base layer of the plan is a daily habit, and the people who do best are those who treat sunscreen the way they treat brushing their teeth.

Several groups are commonly asked to wait, or to begin with a narrower version of the plan.

• People who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Retinoids are avoided in pregnancy, hydroquinone is generally deferred, and oral options are not used. Protection and selected pregnancy-compatible topicals may be discussed. MedlinePlus notes that pregnancy melasma often fades in the months after delivery, so waiting is frequently the plan rather than a delay of it.
• People with active inflammation in the area, whether acne, eczema or a recent rash. The cause is treated first.
• Anyone with a recent tan or a sunburn, or an upcoming beach holiday, when peels or lasers are being considered. Procedures on sun-exposed skin raise the risk of new pigment.
• People taking oral isotretinoin or who have recently finished it, for whom procedures are usually postponed.
• Anyone whose spot looks atypical: a single new dark lesion, uneven color, a growing edge. The plan pauses until the diagnosis is certain.
• Those whose expectations are of erasure rather than control, until a frank conversation has reset them.

Sun spots have fewer exclusions because they are stable and localized, but the same rule about atypical lesions applies with force: a spot that stands out from its neighbors is examined, not lightened.

What the following weeks and months usually look like

The first fortnight is mostly about the skin adjusting. Retinoids and combination creams commonly cause dryness, flaking and a pink, tight feeling, especially around the mouth and nose. Clinicians often advise easing in on alternate nights and layering a plain moisturizer. This phase is where many people quit, convinced the treatment is “not working”, when in fact the pigment simply has not had time to move.

By roughly the second and third month, the first real changes tend to appear. Cleveland Clinic frames several months as the typical window for noticeable lightening with topical treatment, and Harvard Health describes melasma management in similar terms. Edges of patches soften before centers, and the difference is often visible in side-by-side photographs before it is visible in the mirror. This is also the point at which the treating team judges whether the regimen needs adjusting or whether a superficial peel might be added.

If a procedure is done, the days after it have their own rhythm. A superficial peel typically brings a few days of tightness and mild peeling; low-energy laser or light treatment for sun spots often leaves the spots temporarily darker before they flake away over a week or two. Strict shade and sunscreen during this window are not optional, because the freshly treated skin is at its most reactive.

Around the fourth to sixth month, the plan usually shifts. Cyclical agents such as hydroquinone are paused or rotated, gentler ingredients take over and the emphasis moves to holding gains. Summer is the stress test; a plan that survives its first summer without a full relapse is one that has been built correctly. None of these timelines are promises, only the shape most courses take.

Does melasma go away, and what does maintenance actually mean?

The honest answer has two halves. Melasma linked to a specific hormonal trigger can fade substantially once the trigger is gone; MedlinePlus notes that pigmentation from pregnancy or hormonal contraception often lightens over months after delivery or after the medicine is stopped, always in discussion with the prescriber. Melasma without such a trigger, or melasma that has been present for years, behaves more like a chronic tendency. Cleveland Clinic is direct about this: it can be managed and lightened, but it frequently returns, especially after sun exposure.

That is why the word maintenance sits at the top of the pyramid. Maintenance is the deliberately lighter regimen that follows the intensive phase: daily tinted broad-spectrum sunscreen without exception, a gentle nightly active such as a retinoid, azelaic acid or a vitamin C or niacinamide product, and a plan agreed in advance for what to do when a patch begins to darken again. Some clinicians schedule a short return to a stronger agent each spring; others prefer to respond to flares as they appear. The choice is individual.

Maintenance also means realistic accounting. Photographs at the same window in the same light, every few months, keep judgments honest. A flare after a beach week is not a failure of the plan, it is information about how much protection that face needs. Equally, a stable year is worth noticing, because it is easy to forget how the skin looked at the start.

For sun spots the picture is different: treated lesions rarely return, but new ones arrive with continued exposure. For post-inflammatory marks, maintenance mostly means keeping the original cause controlled. In all three, the base of the pyramid stays in place for good.

What people often get wrong about melasma and sun spots

Pigmentation attracts folklore, and some of it actively causes harm. A few corrections, grounded in what mainstream sources actually say.

“If I don’t burn, I’m not damaging my skin.” Melasma responds to ultraviolet A and visible light, neither of which reliably causes redness. A cloudy commute behind glass is not a day off.

“Stronger is faster.” Harsh scrubs, high-strength peels done at home and aggressive lasers all cause inflammation, and inflammation is a pigment trigger. In melasma and in deeper skin tones, the fastest way to make a patch darker is to irritate it.

“Lemon juice, apple cider vinegar or toothpaste lightens dark spots.” These are acidic or abrasive irritants with no reliable evidence of benefit and a well-documented capacity to cause chemical irritation and, ironically, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. No mainstream source recommends them.

“A cream that works for a friend will work for me.” Depth of pigment, skin tone, hormonal status and irritation threshold all differ. Melasma that is largely dermal will shrug off a topical that transformed someone else’s epidermal patches.

“Once it fades, I’m done.” Cleveland Clinic and Harvard Health both describe melasma as prone to recurrence. Stopping protection after the pigment clears is the most common way people arrive back where they started.

“Skin-lightening products bought online are the same as prescription ones.” Some unregulated products have been found to contain undeclared corticosteroids or mercury, and hydroquinone used without supervision carries a risk of ochronosis. Anything applied to the face for months deserves a known label and a clinician who knows about it.

“Sun spots and melasma are the same thing, so any treatment covers both.” Lasers that clear sun spots can worsen melasma. The diagnosis decides the tool.

Questions to ask your care team about your melasma treatment plan

The most useful appointments are the ones where the person in the chair arrives with questions that shape the plan rather than just receive it. These are the ones dermatologists tend to welcome.

• Which of the three am I dealing with: melasma, sun spots or post-inflammatory marks, or a mixture? How confident are you, and what would change your mind?
• Did the Wood’s lamp suggest the pigment is mostly epidermal, mostly dermal or mixed, and what does that mean for how much topicals can do?
• Could any medicine I take, including hormonal contraception or hormone therapy, be contributing? Who should I talk to about that, and what are the trade-offs?
• Which sunscreen features matter most for my skin, and how should I apply it around makeup and reapplication during a workday?
• What is each ingredient in my regimen for, how long should I expect irritation, and what should I do if it becomes more than mild?
• How many months should pass before we decide whether this is working, and how will we measure it? Can we take baseline photographs today?
• If we consider a peel, laser or an oral medicine later, what specific risks apply to my skin tone and my medical history?
• What would a maintenance plan look like for me, and what should I do at the first sign of a flare?
• Are there any features of my patches you would want me to watch for that would need an earlier visit?
• If I become pregnant or plan to, which parts of this plan stop and which continue?

Writing the answers down matters, because a plan that spans months will be tested by an ordinary busy life, and the reasoning behind each step is what keeps people going when the mirror is slow to reward them.

When to call your doctor

Most pigmentation care is unhurried, but a few situations deserve a prompt call or an earlier appointment rather than waiting for the next scheduled review.

Call about the spot itself if any single patch looks different from the others: an irregular or notched border, more than one color within it, a size that has grown noticeably over weeks, a surface that has become raised, scaly, itchy or bleeds, or a new dark spot appearing later in life that does not match its neighbors. Mayo Clinic advises that any spot that changes in this way is evaluated to rule out skin cancer before it is treated as a cosmetic concern. Lightening a lesion that has not been examined can delay a diagnosis that matters far more than pigment.

Call about the treatment if the skin blisters, weeps, cracks or develops spreading redness, warmth or pus, particularly after a peel or laser, which can signal infection or a burn. Call if pale halos appear around treated areas, or if a treated patch turns an unusual blue-black or gray, since these can indicate excess lightening or ochronosis and the regimen may need to change. Call if a rash spreads beyond where the product was applied, or if swelling of the face, lips or eyelids develops.

If an oral medicine such as tranexamic acid is part of the plan, seek urgent care for calf pain or swelling, sudden chest pain, breathlessness, sudden changes in vision or symptoms of a stroke such as facial drooping or weakness on one side, because the medicine acts on clotting.

Finally, call if the pigmentation darkens rapidly despite protection, or if the emotional weight of it is affecting daily life. Both are legitimate reasons for the treating team to revisit the plan.

Frequently asked questions

How long does melasma take to fade with treatment?

Typically several months of consistent topical treatment and daily sun protection before lightening is clearly visible, according to Cleveland Clinic. Edges usually soften before centers, and side-by-side photographs show change earlier than a mirror does. Dermal pigment fades more slowly than epidermal pigment. These are typical ranges, not guarantees, and the treating team decides when to adjust the plan.

Is melasma the same as sun spots?

No. Melasma is blotchy, symmetric pigmentation driven by hormones, light and heat that tends to recur, while sun spots are small, sharply bordered lesions caused by years of ultraviolet exposure that are stable once formed. The distinction matters because energy-based treatments that clear sun spots can worsen melasma, so a clinician confirms which one is present before anything is treated.

Can melasma be treated during pregnancy?

The plan is usually narrowed to strict sun and visible-light protection and, where appropriate, selected topicals considered compatible with pregnancy. Retinoids, hydroquinone and oral medicines are generally deferred. MedlinePlus notes that pregnancy-related melasma often fades in the months after delivery, so waiting is frequently the plan itself. Decisions belong with the obstetric and dermatology teams together.

Does melasma go away on its own?

Sometimes, when a hormonal trigger such as pregnancy or a contraceptive ends, pigmentation often lightens over months. Melasma without an identifiable trigger, or long-standing melasma, tends to behave as a chronic tendency that can be controlled but frequently returns after sun exposure. That is why maintenance protection continues even after patches have faded.

Why does my dermatologist want to treat my acne before the dark marks?

Because each new inflamed spot creates a new mark in waiting, treating pigment while the cause continues is like mopping with the tap running. Controlling acne first stops new post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and several acne treatments, including retinoids and azelaic acid, also help existing marks fade. Sun protection runs alongside both from the first day.

Do lasers work for melasma?

Cautiously and selectively. Lasers and intense pulsed light are effective tools for isolated sun spots, but in melasma the heat can provoke rebound darkening, particularly in deeper skin tones. When used, they are typically low-energy, reserved for pigment that has not responded to topicals, and always paired with strict sun protection. Results are reductions, not a switch-off of the tendency.

Does sunscreen really matter if I am mostly indoors?

Yes. Ultraviolet A passes through window glass, and visible light, which also stimulates melasma, is present wherever there is daylight. Neither reliably causes redness, so the absence of a burn is not evidence of safety. Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen, ideally a tinted mineral formula for melasma, with reapplication after several hours, is the base of every pigmentation plan.

Are over-the-counter brightening creams enough for a melasma treatment plan?

For mild epidermal pigment or maintenance, products with ingredients such as azelaic acid, niacinamide, vitamin C or arbutin can contribute, alongside sunscreen. Their evidence is real but generally more modest than prescription combinations. Unregulated lightening products bought online may contain undeclared ingredients and are best avoided. A clinician can advise which layer of the plan a given product belongs in.

What is the difference between epidermal and dermal melasma?

Epidermal melasma has pigment in the outer skin layer, appears sharper under a Wood’s lamp and responds better to topicals because the skin sheds it as it renews. Dermal melasma has pigment that has dropped into the deeper layer, looks blurred under the lamp and clears slowly because creams cannot reach it. Many people have a mixture, which shapes expectations.

Can men get melasma?

Yes, though far less often. MedlinePlus and Cleveland Clinic describe melasma as predominantly affecting women, but men with a family history, deeper skin tones and heavy sun or heat exposure do develop it. The assessment and plan are the same: confirm the diagnosis, protect against ultraviolet and visible light, use topicals under supervision and plan for maintenance.

References

• MedlinePlus: Melasma
• Cleveland Clinic: Melasma
• Cleveland Clinic: Hyperpigmentation

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.