Painkillers, Aspirin and Blood Thinners With a Peptic Ulcer: What Your Doctor Reviews

The pharmacy bag sits on the kitchen table like an accusation. Inside: the anti-inflammatory that lets a sixty-eight-year-old gardener kneel for an hour without her knees screaming, the small aspirin her cardiologist insisted on after a stent, and a new box of acid-suppressing capsules a gastroenterologist prescribed yesterday after finding a peptic ulcer on endoscopy. Her instruction was simple and unsettling: bring everything you take to the next appointment.

That review is the heart of this article. The link between NSAIDs and stomach ulcers is one of the best-documented in medicine, yet the practical questions people carry out of clinic are rarely answered plainly. Can I take anything for my knees? Why am I still on aspirin if it may have caused this? Will my blood thinner make me bleed?

What follows is what your doctor is actually weighing when they look at that bag, why some medicines are paused and others deliberately continued, and how long the stomach needs to repair itself.

Why NSAIDs and stomach ulcers are so tightly linked

A peptic ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum, the first stretch of the small intestine. NSAIDs, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are the family of pain and fever medicines that includes ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and aspirin. Mayo Clinic names two causes behind most ulcers: infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and regular NSAID use.

The link is chemistry, not coincidence. NSAIDs block cyclooxygenase, or COX, the enzyme that manufactures prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are the signaling molecules that make an injured knee swell and throb, which is exactly why blocking them relieves pain. The same molecules, though, keep the stomach lining alive in an acid bath. They tell the lining to secrete a thick mucus blanket, to release bicarbonate that neutralizes acid at the surface, and to keep blood flowing so damaged cells are replaced quickly. Turn prostaglandins down and the mucus thins, the bicarbonate dwindles and the blood supply tightens, while the acid keeps arriving on schedule.

This is why the effect is systemic rather than local. An NSAID given by injection, as a suppository, or as a coated tablet that dissolves in the intestine still reaches the stomach lining through the bloodstream and still weakens its defenses. Several of these drugs also irritate the lining directly on contact, a second and smaller hit. A single dose rarely matters. Regular use, especially alongside H. pylori and other risk factors, gradually turns a resilient surface into one that erodes.

Hold that picture in mind whenever a peptic ulcer appears on an endoscopy report and the medicine list includes a daily anti-inflammatory. The medicine is not always the culprit, but it is always a suspect worth interviewing.

How long does it take for NSAIDs to cause ulcers?

There is no reliable countdown, and anyone who offers one is guessing. Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic describe the same pattern: risk climbs with larger amounts and longer use, but the danger is present early in regular use rather than something that only accumulates after years. Some people take an anti-inflammatory daily for a decade and never bleed. Others develop an erosion within weeks of starting. The difference lies less in the calendar than in who is taking the drug and what else is happening in the stomach.

Three things bend the curve. The first is H. pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the stomach lining of a large share of the world’s population and quietly inflames it; an NSAID landing on an already inflamed surface does far more harm. The second is the list of companion medicines, covered in the next section. The third is the reason for taking the NSAID at all. Occasional use for a headache is a different exposure from daily use for arthritis, both in amount and in cumulative contact time.

The most unsettling feature of NSAID ulcers is how quiet they can be. Because the drug is also dulling pain, the gnawing discomfort that would normally send someone to a doctor may never register. Mayo Clinic notes that many people with ulcers have no symptoms at all until a complication announces itself. The first clue can be a black, tarry stool or an unexplained drop in red blood cells on a routine blood test.

So the honest answer to ‘how long’ is this: long enough that you should tell your doctor about any regular NSAID use, and short enough that ‘I’ve only been taking it a few months’ offers no reassurance.

Who is most at risk from an NSAID-induced ulcer?

Doctors do not treat every NSAID user the same way, because the risk is not spread evenly. Mayo Clinic lists the factors that raise the odds of an ulcer or a bleed, and several of them stack.

Age matters most. Older adults have thinner stomach defenses, more companion illnesses and more medicines, and they are the group most often prescribed anti-inflammatories for joint pain in the first place. A previous ulcer, or a previous bleed of any cause, is the strongest single predictor that another will follow. Taking more than one NSAID at once, or an NSAID plus aspirin, multiplies the exposure rather than simply adding to it.

Then come the companion medicines. Corticosteroids, the anti-inflammatory hormones prescribed for asthma flares, autoimmune disease and some cancers, impair the lining’s ability to repair itself. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs do not cause ulcers but turn a small ooze into a serious hemorrhage. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a common class of antidepressants, reduce the serotonin that platelets use to clump, and Mayo Clinic includes them among the medicines that raise bleeding risk when combined with NSAIDs. Certain bone-strengthening drugs can irritate the upper digestive tract directly.

Lifestyle factors sit alongside these. Smoking impairs healing and raises acid. Heavy alcohol use inflames the lining. Untreated H. pylori infection remains the great multiplier, which is why testing for it is part of nearly every ulcer work-up.

None of this means a younger, otherwise healthy person is immune. It means the conversation with your doctor is a risk assessment, not a verdict. Two people on the identical medicine can be given opposite advice, and both can be right for their circumstances.

Can you take NSAIDs with a stomach ulcer? Who is usually asked to wait

For most people with a newly diagnosed peptic ulcer, the answer during the healing period is no. The NHS explains that when an ulcer is linked to NSAID use, the doctor will review that use and will often suggest switching to a different type of pain reliever while the lining repairs. Continuing to block prostaglandins while asking the lining to regrow is like sanding a floor you are trying to varnish.

Those usually asked to wait include anyone with an active ulcer confirmed on endoscopy, anyone who has recently bled, anyone whose H. pylori infection has not yet been treated, and anyone taking a blood thinner alongside the NSAID. In these situations the short-term loss of pain relief is weighed against the possibility of a hemorrhage or a perforation, a hole through the wall of the stomach, and the scales tip firmly toward waiting.

A smaller group is different. Someone whose inflammatory arthritis is otherwise uncontrollable, or whose aspirin protects a coronary stent, may be told to continue with protective acid suppression and closer monitoring. That is a considered decision by the prescriber, made with the full medicine list in view, and it should never be extrapolated to your own situation from a neighbor’s story.

Two practical points follow. First, do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own because you have read this article; call the prescriber and describe the diagnosis. Second, do not add an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory without asking, and read labels closely. Many cold, flu, period-pain and sleep products contain an NSAID under a combination name. The pharmacist can identify these in seconds.

Aspirin and stomach ulcers: why heart-protective aspirin is reviewed, not reflexively stopped

Aspirin is technically an NSAID, but when it is prescribed for the heart it plays a different role, and doctors treat it accordingly. In small amounts it acts as an antiplatelet drug, meaning it makes platelets, the tiny cell fragments that form the first plug over a bleeding vessel, less sticky. It does this by permanently disabling COX inside each platelet, so the effect lasts for the life of that platelet, several days, long after the drug itself has left the body.

That is precisely why it protects people who have had a heart attack, a stroke or a stent: the clots that block coronary and brain arteries are built on platelets. It is also why aspirin raises the risk of an ulcer bleeding and slows the clotting that would normally stop one.

The American Heart Association is direct about the trade-off. Aspirin taken on a doctor’s advice for cardiovascular protection should not be stopped without talking to that doctor, because abrupt discontinuation can raise the risk of a clot in the very people it was meant to protect. An ulcer does not erase the reason the aspirin was started.

What your doctor reviews, then, is the balance. Why was aspirin prescribed: a past event, a stent, or general prevention? How severe was the ulcer, and did it bleed? Is H. pylori present? Can acid suppression be added for as long as the aspirin continues? Cardiology and gastroenterology guidance broadly favors continuing or promptly restarting protective aspirin once bleeding is controlled, with a proton pump inhibitor alongside, rather than abandoning it. Aspirin taken for general prevention without a prior event is a genuinely open question that your doctor may revisit.

Blood thinners with a peptic ulcer: a different problem from NSAIDs

Anticoagulants are often lumped together with NSAIDs in ulcer conversations, but they work on a different part of the problem. Warfarin and the newer direct oral anticoagulants slow the cascade of clotting proteins in the blood. They do not thin the mucus or starve the lining of blood flow. Mayo Clinic lists them among medicines that raise the risk of a serious bleed when an ulcer is already present, especially in combination with NSAIDs.

Picture the ulcer as a scrape on the inside of the stomach. An NSAID keeps the scrape from healing and may deepen it. An anticoagulant does neither, but if the scrape reaches a blood vessel, it stops the body from sealing the leak. The combination of both is the scenario emergency departments see most often: a small erosion that would have oozed briefly instead becomes a transfusion.

Your doctor’s review of an anticoagulant covers three questions. Why is it prescribed: atrial fibrillation, a mechanical heart valve, a previous clot in the leg or lung? How urgent is the clot risk if it is paused, even briefly? And how serious is the ulcer, on the scale from a superficial erosion to an actively bleeding vessel seen on endoscopy? In hospital, the blood thinner is sometimes held or reversed while bleeding is controlled, then restarted in a timeline decided by the cardiology and gastroenterology teams together.

What you should not do is adjust it yourself. The American Heart Association’s advice for aspirin applies equally here: an ulcer is a reason to call the prescriber, not to skip a dose. Clopidogrel and similar antiplatelet drugs, often paired with aspirin after a stent, belong in the same conversation.

What your doctor actually reviews, class by class

The review that follows an ulcer diagnosis is less a lecture than an audit. Every pain reliever, blood thinner, supplement and over-the-counter product is laid out, and each is examined for two things: does it stop the lining healing, and does it make a bleed worse? The table below summarizes what is usually weighed.

Medicine class	Effect on an ulcer	What the review usually weighs
Traditional NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac)	Slow healing, deepen erosions, raise bleeding risk	Whether it can be paused; what replaces it for pain
COX-2 selective NSAIDs (celecoxib class)	Less direct damage to the lining, still not risk-free	Heart and kidney history; whether protection is still needed
Aspirin for heart or stroke protection	Raises bleeding risk; blocks platelet clotting for days	The original reason for prescribing; adding acid suppression
Anticoagulants (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants)	Do not cause ulcers; make bleeding heavier and longer	Clot risk if paused; timing of any restart
Other antiplatelets (clopidogrel class)	Similar bleeding effect to aspirin	Stent history; whether dual therapy is still required
Corticosteroids	Impair healing, especially with NSAIDs	Whether the course can be shortened or covered
Acetaminophen (paracetamol)	Not an NSAID; does not damage the lining	Liver health; often the first alternative for pain

Alongside the medicines, the doctor checks for H. pylori with a breath, stool or biopsy test, asks about alcohol and smoking, and reviews kidney function, since NSAIDs strain the kidneys and the alternatives must be safe too. The NIH’s digestive disease institute notes that treating H. pylori when it is present is central to preventing the ulcer from returning, whatever else is on the list.

Which NSAID is gentlest on the stomach?

This is one of the most searched questions about NSAIDs and stomach ulcers, and it deserves a more honest answer than it usually receives. There is a spectrum, but no anti-inflammatory is safe for a stomach that currently has an ulcer in it.

The spectrum exists because COX comes in two main forms. COX-1 runs the housekeeping work of the stomach lining and the platelets; COX-2 is switched on at sites of inflammation. Traditional NSAIDs block both. A newer class, the COX-2 selective inhibitors, was designed to block mainly the inflammatory form and spare the stomach. Cleveland Clinic describes these as causing less stomach irritation, while also noting concerns about heart and blood pressure effects that led to some being withdrawn. Fewer ulcers, in other words, is not the same as fewer risks, and a doctor choosing one weighs the whole patient, not just the stomach.

Among traditional NSAIDs, published comparisons suggest real differences in ulcer risk between individual drugs, but the ranking shifts with amount and duration, and the gaps narrow at higher intensities. The honest summary is that the amount and length of use matter more than the choice of molecule.

Topical NSAIDs, the gels and patches rubbed onto a sore joint, deliver far less drug into the bloodstream and are often considered when pain is in one or two accessible joints. They are not zero-risk either, since some absorption still occurs.

Enteric coating, buffering and taking the drug with food reduce direct contact irritation. They do nothing about the systemic prostaglandin effect described earlier, so they cannot make a stomach with an active ulcer safe. Which option, if any, suits you is a decision for the prescriber with your full history in front of them.

Stomach lining healing time: how long it takes, and what the following weeks look like

The stomach lining is one of the fastest-renewing tissues in the body, which is good news once the assault stops. The NHS describes a course of a proton pump inhibitor, a medicine that switches off the acid-producing pumps in the stomach wall, typically lasting four to eight weeks for an ulcer to heal. A PPI does not repair anything directly. It lowers the acid so the lining can do its own repair work without being burned back each night.

Symptoms usually settle before healing is complete. Many people feel markedly better within the first days of acid suppression, which is exactly when the temptation to reach for the old anti-inflammatory returns. The absence of pain is not evidence of a healed ulcer; the lining underneath may still be raw for weeks.

If H. pylori is found, the NHS describes a combined course of antibiotics with acid suppression, followed by a repeat test for the bacterium at least four weeks after the antibiotics finish, to confirm it has cleared. This retest matters because a persisting infection is the commonest reason an ulcer comes back.

For ulcers in the stomach itself, as opposed to the duodenum, Mayo Clinic notes that doctors often arrange a follow-up endoscopy after treatment to confirm healing and to make sure nothing more serious was hiding in the ulcer’s edge. Endoscopy is the examination in which a thin flexible camera is passed down the throat under sedation to look directly at the lining.

The medication review runs alongside this timeline. NSAIDs are usually held for the whole healing course. Aspirin and anticoagulants are handled according to the plan agreed at diagnosis, and any restart date is set by the treating team, not by how well you feel that morning.

Stomach protection when NSAIDs and stomach ulcers cannot be kept apart

Sometimes the anti-inflammatory genuinely cannot go. Inflammatory arthritis that flares without it, a chronic pain condition with no tolerable alternative, or aspirin protecting a stent all fall into this category. The NHS notes that when NSAIDs must continue, a doctor may prescribe a proton pump inhibitor to be taken long-term alongside them, so that the lining is defended even while its natural defenses are suppressed.

The logic is straightforward. The NSAID removes the mucus and bicarbonate shield; the PPI removes most of the acid the shield was there to block. The lining is left with less protection but also less to be protected from. Long-term acid suppression has its own considerations, including effects on some nutrient absorption and gut infections, which is why it is prescribed deliberately rather than added by default. The prescriber weighs those against the ulcer risk they are preventing.

Treating H. pylori first, if present, removes the multiplier. Research summarized by the NIH digestive disease institute supports checking for and treating the infection in people who need ongoing NSAIDs, because a stomach without the bacterium tolerates the drug far better.

A few principles apply regardless of the specific plan. Use the smallest amount that controls symptoms, for the shortest stretch that works, which is a prescribing principle rather than a number. Never take two NSAIDs together, including an over-the-counter one on top of a prescribed one. Avoid alcohol in quantity, since it inflames the lining independently. Report black stools or new stomach pain immediately rather than waiting for the next appointment.

Whether a COX-2 selective drug, a topical formulation or continued protection is right for you is a judgment your treating team makes with your heart, kidney and stomach history side by side.

Alternatives to NSAIDs for pain while an ulcer heals

Pain does not pause because the stomach needs a rest, and a plan that leaves someone in agony will simply be abandoned. The realistic goal is a bridge that keeps you functioning for the four to eight weeks the NHS describes for healing, and possibly beyond.

Acetaminophen, known as paracetamol outside the United States, is the alternative the NHS most often mentions. It relieves pain and fever through a different pathway and does not damage the stomach lining. It is not free of limits, and its main safety concern is the liver, which is why the doctor will ask about alcohol and other products that also contain it. Many combination cold and flu remedies do, so labels matter here too.

Topical treatments come next. An NSAID gel on a single arthritic knee reaches the joint with a small fraction of the bloodstream exposure of a tablet, and non-drug topicals such as heat wraps or capsaicin creams help some people with muscle and joint pain. Whether a topical NSAID is acceptable during active ulcer healing is a call for the prescriber, since some absorption still occurs.

Non-drug approaches are not consolation prizes. Physical therapy, graded exercise, joint-load management, supportive footwear and pacing of activity have measurable effects on chronic musculoskeletal pain and no effect on the stomach. For inflammatory conditions, a rheumatologist may have disease-modifying options that reduce the need for anti-inflammatories altogether.

Some people are offered other prescription classes for pain during this window. Each has its own trade-offs, and which if any is appropriate depends on the type of pain, the kidneys, the heart and the rest of the medicine list. This is a conversation to have, not a substitution to make on your own.

What people often get wrong about painkillers and ulcers

Ulcer folklore is stubborn, and several of its favorite ideas can lead to real harm.

The first is that spicy food, coffee and stress cause ulcers. Mayo Clinic is clear that they do not, though they can make an existing ulcer feel worse. The two real causes are H. pylori and NSAIDs. Cutting out curry while continuing a daily anti-inflammatory addresses the wrong variable.

The second is that taking an NSAID with food, or choosing a coated or buffered version, makes it safe for the stomach. Food and coatings reduce direct contact irritation, which is a minor part of the damage. The main injury comes through the bloodstream, after absorption, and no meal prevents it.

The third is that no pain means no ulcer. NSAIDs suppress the very discomfort that would signal a problem, and Mayo Clinic notes that many ulcers are silent until they bleed. A normal-feeling stomach on a daily anti-inflammatory is not a clean bill of health.

The fourth is that years of use without trouble prove you are one of the lucky ones. Risk rises with cumulative exposure and with age, so past tolerance is weaker reassurance each year.

The fifth is that stopping heart aspirin during an ulcer is obviously the safe choice. The American Heart Association warns that stopping without medical advice can raise the risk of a clot. The safe choice is the call to your doctor.

The sixth is that antacids or milk heal an ulcer. Antacids neutralize acid briefly and can ease symptoms, but they do not sustain the low-acid environment healing requires, and milk stimulates acid after its initial soothing effect. Symptom relief and repair are different things, and only one of them shows up on the follow-up endoscopy.

Questions to ask your care team

The medication review goes better when you arrive with questions rather than waiting to be told. Bring every product you take, including supplements and anything bought over the counter, and consider asking the following.

• Which of my medicines do you think contributed to this ulcer, and which are you most concerned about now?
• Have I been tested for H. pylori, and if it is present, when will I be retested to confirm it has cleared?
• How long do you expect the healing course to last, and will you check that the ulcer has healed with a repeat endoscopy?
• Which pain relievers can I use in the meantime, and which should I avoid entirely, including over-the-counter products?
• If I need to stay on an anti-inflammatory long term, what protection will be prescribed alongside it, and for how long?
• My aspirin or blood thinner: should it continue, pause or change, and who is making that decision, my cardiologist or my gastroenterologist?
• What warning signs mean I should go to the emergency department rather than wait for a call back?
• Are there non-drug approaches for my pain that would reduce how much I need any medicine?

Write the answers down, or ask someone to come with you. Ulcer care often involves two or three specialists, and the person who ties their advice together is usually your primary care doctor. If the cardiologist’s instruction about aspirin and the gastroenterologist’s instruction seem to conflict, say so plainly and ask them to speak to each other. That is a reasonable request, not a nuisance, and it is exactly how these decisions are supposed to be made.

When to call your doctor

Most peptic ulcers heal uneventfully once the cause is addressed. The NHS describes three complications that do occur and that need urgent attention: internal bleeding, perforation of the stomach wall, and obstruction of the outlet of the stomach. Anyone taking NSAIDs, aspirin or an anticoagulant with a known ulcer should know the signs of each before leaving the clinic.

Call emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department if you vomit blood, which may look bright red or like dark coffee grounds; if you pass black, tarry, sticky stools or notice blood in the stool; if you develop sudden, severe stomach pain that spreads across the abdomen and makes the belly feel rigid; or if you feel faint, dizzy on standing, unusually short of breath, cold and clammy, or your heart is racing. These are the signatures of significant blood loss or a hole in the stomach wall, and both are time-critical.

Contact your doctor the same day, without waiting for a scheduled visit, if you notice persistent nausea or repeated vomiting, difficulty keeping food down or a feeling of fullness after small amounts, unexplained weight loss, or stomach pain that returns or worsens despite treatment. MedlinePlus lists these among symptoms that warrant prompt evaluation because they can point to obstruction or to an ulcer that is not responding.

Call as well if you have accidentally taken an NSAID you were asked to avoid, if you have missed doses of a heart medicine because you were worried about bleeding, or if a new prescriber has added a pain reliever without knowing about the ulcer. None of these are embarrassing; all of them are easier to sort out early. Whatever the symptom, the decision about what to do with your medicines rests with the treating team, and they would rather hear from you too soon than too late.

Frequently asked questions

Can I take ibuprofen with a stomach ulcer?

Usually not while the ulcer is healing. Ibuprofen is an NSAID, and the NHS explains that a doctor will normally review NSAID use after an ulcer diagnosis and often suggest a different pain reliever such as acetaminophen for the healing period. If you have already taken some, tell your doctor rather than worrying in silence. Any decision to resume it, with or without stomach protection, belongs to the prescriber.

How long does it take for stomach lining to heal from NSAIDs?

The NHS describes a typical acid-suppression course of four to eight weeks for a peptic ulcer to heal once the NSAID is paused and any H. pylori infection is treated. Symptoms often ease within days, but the lining underneath is still repairing, which is why doctors ask people to finish the full course and, for stomach ulcers, sometimes confirm healing with a repeat endoscopy.

How long does it take for NSAIDs to cause ulcers?

There is no fixed timeline. Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic describe risk rising with larger amounts and longer use, but damage can begin early in regular use, and some people develop erosions within weeks while others tolerate years. Age, a previous ulcer, H. pylori infection, and companion medicines such as steroids or blood thinners shift the risk far more than the calendar does.

Which is the gentlest NSAID on the stomach?

No NSAID is safe for a stomach with an active ulcer. COX-2 selective drugs cause less lining damage than traditional NSAIDs, according to Cleveland Clinic, but carry heart and kidney considerations of their own. Topical gels deliver far less drug to the bloodstream. Across the class, the amount and duration of use matter more than the specific molecule, and the choice is one for your prescriber.

Should I stop aspirin if I have a stomach ulcer?

Not on your own. Aspirin prescribed after a heart attack, stroke or stent protects against clots, and the American Heart Association warns that stopping it without medical advice can raise that risk. Doctors weigh the reason for the aspirin against the ulcer’s severity and often continue or promptly restart it with acid suppression alongside. Call the prescriber and let them make the decision with your full history.

Do blood thinners cause stomach ulcers?

Anticoagulants such as warfarin and the direct oral anticoagulants do not damage the stomach lining or cause ulcers. Their danger is different: if an ulcer reaches a blood vessel, they stop the body sealing the leak, so bleeding is heavier and longer. Mayo Clinic lists them among medicines that raise bleeding risk when combined with NSAIDs. Any pause or restart is decided by your treating team.

Does taking NSAIDs with food protect against ulcers?

Only partly, and not enough to make them safe with an existing ulcer. Food, buffering and enteric coatings reduce direct irritation of the lining on contact, which is a minor part of the injury. The main damage happens after the drug is absorbed, when it lowers the prostaglandins that maintain the stomach’s mucus, bicarbonate and blood flow. A meal cannot prevent that systemic effect.

What are the first signs of an NSAID ulcer?

Often there are none. Because NSAIDs dull pain, Mayo Clinic notes that many ulcers stay silent until a complication appears. When symptoms do occur, they commonly include a gnawing or burning pain in the upper abdomen, sometimes worse between meals or at night, along with bloating, nausea or early fullness. Black stools or vomiting blood signal bleeding and need emergency care.

Can I use acetaminophen for pain while my ulcer heals?

Acetaminophen, called paracetamol in many countries, is the alternative the NHS most often mentions because it works through a different pathway and does not damage the stomach lining. It does have limits, mainly for the liver, and many cold and flu products also contain it, so labels matter. Whether it suits your pain and your other medicines is a question for your doctor or pharmacist.

Will my ulcer come back if I need long-term painkillers?

It can, which is why prevention is planned rather than hoped for. The NHS describes prescribing a long-term proton pump inhibitor alongside NSAIDs when they must continue, and the NIH digestive disease institute emphasizes treating H. pylori when present to reduce recurrence. Using the smallest effective amount, avoiding two NSAIDs together and limiting alcohol also help. The protective plan is set by your prescriber.

References

• NHS: Stomach ulcer: Treatment
• Cleveland Clinic: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medicines (NSAIDs)
• MedlinePlus: Peptic Ulcer
• NIH NIDDK: Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers)

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.