Hair Transplant Cost Per Graft: Per-Graft vs Package Pricing, Decoded

Picture two browser tabs open side by side. In one, a clinic quotes a per-graft rate and invites you to do the multiplication yourself. In the other, a clinic offers a flat package — flights met at the airport, hotel included, “maximum grafts.” Same procedure, two pricing languages, and no obvious way to tell which one actually costs less.

This confusion isn’t an accident of translation. Per-graft and package pricing evolved in different markets, and each model quietly shapes what the clinic is motivated to do in the operating room. One rewards counting high; the other can reward counting low. Neither is inherently dishonest — but you need to read them differently.

So let’s decode both models properly: what a graft really is, what the published ranges look like across Turkey, the UK and the US, and the one piece of arithmetic that cuts through every marketing page.

First things first: is 1 graft equal to 1 hair?

No — and this single fact scrambles more price comparisons than anything else. A graft is a follicular unit: a naturally occurring cluster of one to four hairs that grows together from the same small patch of scalp, wrapped in its own supporting tissue. On average, a follicular unit carries a little over two hairs.

That means 3,000 grafts is not 3,000 hairs. It’s typically somewhere in the region of 6,000 to 7,000 individual hairs, depending on how your donor follicles happen to be grouped. Surgeons work in grafts rather than hairs because the follicular unit is the natural anatomical building block — extracting and placing whole units preserves the blood supply and growth pattern each cluster depends on, as resources such as MedlinePlus describe.

The distinction matters commercially, too. A clinic advertising “7,000 hairs” and a clinic advertising “3,000 grafts” may be describing nearly the same operation. Some marketing pages blur the two deliberately, because the bigger number sells. Whenever you see a figure, ask which unit it refers to — and insist that any written quote states the number of grafts, since that’s the unit surgical planning, donor capacity and pricing are all built on.

One more nuance: single-hair grafts are usually reserved for the hairline, where softness matters, while two-, three- and four-hair units build density behind it. A skilled team sorts grafts under magnification and assigns each type to the zone where it looks most natural.

How per-graft pricing works — and where you'll see it

Per-graft pricing is the dominant model in the United States and much of the UK. The clinic sets a rate for each graft extracted and placed, and your total is simply that rate multiplied by the number of grafts your plan calls for. Bigger sessions cost more; smaller touch-ups cost less. On paper, it’s transparent — you pay for exactly what you receive.

The model suits markets where surgeon time is the expensive ingredient. A transplant is a long day’s work: Cleveland Clinic notes a session can run four to eight hours or more, and large cases sometimes span two days. Where operating-room time, staff wages and clinic overheads are high, tying the price to session size makes economic sense.

But per-graft pricing carries a built-in incentive worth naming plainly: the clinic earns more when the graft count is higher. Most reputable surgeons manage this honestly. Still, it explains why second opinions in per-graft markets sometimes come back with strikingly different counts for the same head of hair, and why a conservative surgeon quoting fewer grafts may serve you better than one quoting an ambitious number.

Practical defenses are simple. Ask how grafts are counted (they should be tallied as they’re sorted under magnification, not estimated afterward), ask whether the rate changes above a certain count, and ask what happens to the bill if the surgeon harvests fewer grafts on the day than the plan projected.

How package pricing works: the "maximum grafts, all-inclusive" model

Turkey built its hair-restoration industry on a different promise: one flat price, whatever your case requires. A typical package covers the procedure up to the maximum number of grafts your donor area can safely supply in one session, plus the practical wrapper an international patient needs — airport transfers, hotel nights, an interpreter, post-operative washing sessions and a take-home aftercare kit.

The appeal is obvious. You know the total before you book a flight, and there’s no meter running while you’re in the chair. For a traveler comparing options across borders, a fixed figure feels safer than a rate that depends on a count you can’t verify from home.

The trade-off is precision. “Maximum grafts” is not a number until a surgeon has examined your donor zone — usually the band of permanent hair at the back and sides of the scalp. Two patients paying the same package price may receive very different graft counts because their donor density differs, and both outcomes can be clinically correct. The model works when the clinic defines the maximum honestly and documents it; it fails when “maximum” quietly becomes “whatever we managed before lunch.”

Notice that the incentive here runs opposite to per-graft pricing. A flat fee means the clinic earns the same whether it places 2,500 grafts or 4,200, so the pressure — where it exists — leans toward smaller sessions, not inflated ones. Understanding that mirror image is the whole trick to reading quotes from both markets.

Per-graft vs package: how to compare them fairly

Here is the one calculation that matters, and no clinic can spin it: take the final all-in total — surgery, facility fees, anesthesia, aftercare, travel if you’re flying, everything — and divide it by the number of grafts guaranteed in writing. That gives you a true effective cost per graft, whichever pricing language the clinic speaks.

Each half of that sentence does real work. “All-in total” matters because per-graft quotes in some markets exclude facility or anesthesia fees that surface later, while packages may exclude flights you’ll obviously need. “Guaranteed in writing” matters because a package advertising “up to maximum grafts” without a committed minimum is an unpriceable promise — you cannot divide by a number nobody will state.

A fair comparison also holds the clinical variables steady. Compare like technique with like technique, and confirm who actually performs each stage of the operation. In some high-volume clinics, technicians handle extraction and placement while the surgeon supervises; in others, the surgeon performs the critical steps personally. Neither model has a monopoly on good results, but a lower price bought by less surgeon involvement is a different product, and you should know which one you’re buying.

Finally, resist anchoring on the per-graft rate alone. A modest rate multiplied by an inflated count can exceed a premium package, and a generous package delivering a small session can cost more per graft than an honest per-graft quote. The division, not the headline, tells the truth.

How much does a hair transplant cost? Guide ranges by technique

Published market data lets us put honest brackets around the question. The table below shows all-inclusive package ranges for international patients across the main techniques and related treatments — the Turkish market as a whole, our own guide range, and typical self-pay totals in the UK and US for comparison.

Procedure	Turkey market average	Our guide range	UK typical	US typical
FUE hair transplant (max grafts, all-inclusive)	EUR 2,000–4,500	EUR 2,600–5,850	GBP 3,000–10,000	USD 8,000–15,000
DHI hair transplant package	EUR 2,300–4,500	EUR 3,000–5,850	GBP 4,000–10,000	USD 6,000–12,000
Sapphire FUE premium package	EUR 2,300–6,000	EUR 3,000–7,800	GBP 4,000–10,000	USD 8,000–15,000
Unshaven / female hair transplant	EUR 2,500–5,000	EUR 3,250–6,500	GBP 4,000–9,000	USD 8,000–20,000
Afro-type (curly) hair transplant	EUR 2,300–4,500	EUR 3,000–5,850	GBP 3,000–8,000	USD 6,000–12,000
Beard transplant	EUR 2,000–4,000	EUR 2,600–5,200	GBP 3,000–7,000	USD 5,000–12,000
Eyebrow transplant	EUR 1,000–2,500	EUR 1,300–3,250	GBP 2,500–7,000	USD 4,000–10,000
PRP for hair (per session)	EUR 100–300	EUR 130–400	GBP 150–600	USD 400–1,500
Scalp micropigmentation (3 sessions, full course)	EUR 550–1,400	EUR 700–1,800	GBP 800–3,500	USD 2,000–4,500

Prices last reviewed: August 2026. These are guide ranges for international patients, based on published market data – not a quote. Your exact price depends on your clinical assessment; you will receive a personalised treatment plan and fixed quote after consultation.

Worth remembering as you scan the columns: in the UK, the NHS classifies transplants as cosmetic surgery, so these are self-pay figures everywhere — insurance rarely enters the picture in any country.

How much do 2,000 or 3,000 grafts cost?

These are the two most-searched counts, and the honest answer depends entirely on which pricing model you’re shopping in.

In package-priced markets, 2,000 and 3,000 grafts both usually fall within a standard all-inclusive session, so the price is simply the package price: EUR 2,600–5,850 in our FUE guide range, with DHI at EUR 3,000–5,850 and Sapphire FUE at EUR 3,000–7,800. A 2,000-graft case and a 3,000-graft case may cost the same patient-facing figure, because the flat fee absorbs the difference — which is precisely why the guaranteed count matters so much in this model.

In per-graft markets, the count drives the total directly, and typical US totals for meaningful sessions land in the USD 8,000–15,000 bracket, with UK totals commonly between GBP 3,000 and 10,000. A 3,000-graft session sits toward the upper end of those ranges; 2,000 grafts, toward the middle.

Two cautions before you fixate on either number. Graft counts are outputs of an examination, not inputs you choose from a menu — a surgeon assessing your loss pattern, donor density and hair characteristics decides what’s achievable and appropriate. And a smaller session performed well beats a bigger session performed carelessly: graft survival, angle, direction and hairline design determine whether the result looks like hair or like rows, and none of those appear on an invoice.

How many grafts will I actually need?

Nobody can tell you from a blog post, but the planning logic is worth understanding. Surgeons map male-pattern loss on the Norwood scale (and female-pattern loss on the Ludwig scale), then estimate grafts zone by zone: the hairline and frontal area, the mid-scalp, and the crown.

As broad planning conventions go, clinics commonly estimate a few hundred to around 1,500 grafts for restoring a receding hairline, somewhere in the low thousands for frontal-plus-mid-scalp coverage, and 3,000 or more for advanced patterns that include the crown. Treat those as orientation, not prescription — your hair’s thickness, curl and color contrast against your scalp change the arithmetic considerably. Coarse or wavy hair covers more skin per graft; fine, straight, dark hair on pale skin needs more grafts for the same visual density.

Timing shapes the plan too. Pattern hair loss is progressive — Mayo Clinic identifies hereditary loss as far and away the most common cause — so a thoughtful surgeon plans for the hairline you’ll have at fifty, not just the one you’ve lost at thirty. That sometimes means deliberately transplanting fewer grafts now and reserving donor supply for later, a recommendation that costs the clinic money under either pricing model and is usually a good sign when you hear it.

The practical takeaway: get your count from an examination (in person or via detailed photographs reviewed by a surgeon), and be wary of any clinic that names a precise number before seeing your scalp.

How much will 5,000 grafts cover — and is that number even realistic?

Five thousand grafts is a large harvest — enough, when it’s genuinely available, to address extensive loss across the front, mid-scalp and much of the crown in an advanced Norwood pattern. Whether it’s available is the real question.

Your donor area is finite. The permanent band at the back and sides of the scalp holds a limited number of follicular units that can be removed without leaving visible thinning, and for many people the total lifetime FUE supply is only a few thousand grafts. Harvest beyond that safe limit and the donor zone itself starts to look moth-eaten — a problem no second procedure can fix, because the donor is the only source of raw material you have.

So treat “5,000 grafts in one session” claims with healthy skepticism. Some patients with exceptional donor density can support numbers like that, occasionally split across two days; many cannot, and a clinic that promises the figure sight unseen is selling a number, not a plan. Very advanced loss often calls for strategy instead of volume: prioritizing the frontal region (which frames the face and delivers the most visual impact per graft), accepting lighter crown coverage, and sometimes blending in scalp micropigmentation to add the appearance of density.

A useful question for any consultation: “What is my estimated total lifetime donor capacity, and how much of it does this plan spend?” Clinics that answer specifically tend to be the ones thinking past your first procedure.

The "maximum grafts" promise: read it like a contract

Because it is one. “Maximum grafts” is the load-bearing phrase in every Turkish-style package, and its value depends entirely on how the clinic defines and documents it.

At a careful clinic, the phrase means: after examining your donor area, we will extract every graft that can be safely harvested in this session, up to the limit your anatomy sets — and we’ll tell you afterward exactly how many that was, counted as the grafts were sorted under magnification. At a careless one, it means whatever the day’s schedule allowed, with no count reported and no way for you to check.

You can tell the two apart before paying anything. Ask these questions in writing and keep the answers:

• Will the surgeon commit to a minimum graft count for my case after reviewing my photos or scans — and does the price change if the final count comes in below it?
• How are grafts counted during the procedure, and will I receive the final tally in my discharge paperwork?
• Who performs the extraction, the incisions and the placement — surgeon, technicians, or a mix?
• What does the package’s guarantee actually promise if growth is poor at twelve months, and what does it exclude?

None of these questions offends a good clinic. Evasive answers to any of them tell you more than the price ever will — and they’re the closest thing to due diligence you can do from another country.

What an all-inclusive package usually covers (and what it doesn't)

The word “all-inclusive” earns its keep only if you know what’s inside. A well-constructed international package typically bundles the procedure itself with local anesthesia, pre-operative blood tests, the first post-operative check and washing sessions, an aftercare kit (specialized shampoo, foam or lotion, and a loose-fitting cap), hotel accommodation for two or three nights, and transfers between airport, hotel and hospital. Many add an interpreter and a remote follow-up channel for the months after you fly home.

What’s routinely not included is just as predictable. Flights are almost never covered. A companion’s accommodation may cost extra. Adjunct treatments — PRP sessions, prescription therapies your doctor may discuss for slowing ongoing loss, or scalp micropigmentation to boost apparent density — are typically separate line items, which is why the earlier table lists them individually. And if a touch-up procedure is ever needed, the package’s warranty terms decide whether that’s free, discounted or full price.

Per-graft markets have their own version of the fine print. A quoted rate may or may not include the facility fee, anesthesia, post-operative visits and aftercare supplies; in some clinics these appear as separate charges that add meaningfully to the total. The lesson is identical on both sides of the comparison: request an itemized, written quote listing everything the figure covers, and treat anything not on that list as an extra until proven otherwise. Ten minutes of email now prevents the classic budget surprise later.

Does the technique change the price? FUE vs DHI vs Sapphire FUE

Somewhat — and the table reflects it. Standard FUE anchors the market. DHI, which loads each graft into a pen-like implanter that makes the incision and places the follicle in one motion, generally starts higher (our guide range: EUR 3,000–5,850) because placement is slower and more labor-intensive per graft. Sapphire FUE, which swaps steel blades for sapphire-tipped instruments when opening recipient channels, occupies the premium bracket at EUR 3,000–7,800 in our guide range.

Now the evidence-first caveat: no high-quality comparative research shows that any one of these techniques reliably produces better graft survival or more natural results than the others in skilled hands. The claimed advantages — finer channels, less handling of each graft, denser packing — are mechanistically plausible, and individual surgeons often have genuinely better results with the tool they’ve mastered. But “premium technique” on a price list is not a guarantee of a premium outcome, and paying more for the label alone is the least efficient way to spend your budget.

What demonstrably drives results is execution: how gently grafts are handled and how briefly they spend outside the body, the angle and direction of each recipient site, the artistry of the hairline design, and the experience of the specific people doing the work. When choosing between a mid-range package with an experienced, verifiable team and a premium-technique package with an anonymous one, the evidence points firmly toward the former.

Why is Turkey so much cheaper — and does cheap mean worse?

The price gap in that table is real, and the explanation is mostly boring economics rather than corner-cutting. Staff wages, facility costs, rent and insurance are substantially lower in Turkey than in London or New York. Currency exchange amplifies the difference for anyone paying in pounds, euros or dollars. And volume matters: Istanbul’s hair-restoration sector performs an enormous number of procedures, and high throughput spreads fixed costs across many patients while giving teams heavy hands-on repetition.

So a lower price does not, by itself, signal a lower-quality operation. What it also doesn’t do is guarantee a good one. Turkey’s market spans the full spectrum — from hospital-based departments with named, credentialed surgeons to unlicensed operations where medical involvement is nominal. The price tags at both ends can look surprisingly similar, which is exactly why price is such a poor proxy for quality in this field.

Better proxies exist. Verify that the facility is licensed for surgical procedures and that a named physician is legally responsible for your operation. Ask how many procedures that specific team — not the brand — performs, and request unretouched before-and-after photos at twelve months for patients with your hair type and loss pattern. Check what happens if you have a complication after flying home: who do you contact, and what does the clinic actually commit to?

The same diligence applies at US and UK prices, incidentally. Expensive markets have their share of mediocre outcomes too; geography guarantees nothing in either direction.

Add-ons that change the bill: PRP, SMP and unshaven techniques

The headline package rarely stays the final figure, because hair restoration tends to arrive with companions. Three appear so often they deserve their own paragraph each — their guide ranges sit in the table above.

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) involves drawing a small amount of your blood, concentrating the platelets, and injecting the concentrate into the scalp, on the theory that platelet-derived growth factors support follicle health. Some clinics offer a session alongside a transplant or as a maintenance course afterward. The evidence is genuinely mixed: studies suggest possible modest benefit for some people with pattern loss, but protocols vary widely and the research base remains thin. Treat it as an optional extra with uncertain returns, not a required part of the operation.

Scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is cosmetic tattooing that mimics the look of short hair stubble or adds apparent density between thinning strands. Priced as a full course of about three sessions, it’s often the pragmatic answer when donor supply can’t stretch to full crown coverage.

Unshaven and female-pattern techniques cost more than standard FUE because working around existing long hair slows every stage of extraction and placement — the premium buys discretion, not a different biological result. Afro-textured hair also commands specific expertise, since curved follicles are easier to transect during extraction; choosing a team with documented experience in curly hair matters more than any price difference.

Budget for the whole journey, then, not just the surgical day — and ask which add-ons your surgeon actually recommends for your case rather than accepting the full menu.

What results — and what timeline — does the money actually buy?

Whatever you pay, the biology runs on its own schedule, and knowing it protects you from both panic and false promises. Transplanted hairs almost always shed in the first several weeks after surgery — an expected step, not a failure, as the follicles enter a resting phase. New growth typically begins around the three-month mark, and Cleveland Clinic notes most people see appreciable results between six and nine months, with some cases taking a full year to declare themselves. No honest clinic judges an outcome before twelve months.

Set expectations for density, too. A transplant relocates a limited number of your own follicles; it restores coverage and framing, not the hair count of your teenage years. In well-selected patients most transplanted grafts survive and grow permanently, because donor-area follicles are genetically resistant to the hormone-driven miniaturization that caused the original loss. The native hair around them, however, may keep thinning — which is why surgeons often discuss ongoing medical management of the underlying loss alongside surgery, and why a transplant is a chapter in managing pattern hair loss rather than the end of the story.

Risks belong in the ledger as well. MedlinePlus lists bleeding, infection and scarring among the possibilities, alongside patchy or unnatural-looking growth when technique falls short. Serious complications are uncommon in properly run surgical settings — one more reason the licensing questions from earlier sections are worth more than any discount.

When to see a doctor about hair loss — before you price anything

Here’s an opinion this article will stand behind: the first professional you consult about hair loss should be a doctor, not a sales coordinator. Not every kind of loss is a surgical problem, and transplanting into the wrong diagnosis wastes money and irreplaceable donor grafts.

See a doctor promptly — ideally a dermatologist — if any of the following applies:

• Your hair loss is sudden, rapid, or coming out in clumps rather than gradually receding.
• You have patchy, circular bald spots, which can indicate alopecia areata — an autoimmune condition that transplantation does not fix and can worsen.
• The scalp itself is red, scaly, painful, itchy or scarred, since inflammatory and scarring conditions need treatment first and can destroy transplanted grafts.
• The loss followed a new medication, major illness, surgery, childbirth or significant weight change — much of this shedding is temporary and recovers on its own.
• You’re a woman with diffuse thinning, where underlying causes such as thyroid disease or iron deficiency should be ruled out with simple tests, as Mayo Clinic outlines.
• Hair loss arrives with other symptoms — fatigue, weight change, skin changes — that suggest a systemic condition.

Stable, gradual pattern loss in an otherwise healthy adult is the classic transplant candidate. Everything else deserves a diagnosis first, and a good surgical clinic will insist on exactly that — clinics that will happily operate on any scalp with a credit card attached are telling you something important about themselves.

The bottom line: a five-minute checklist before you commit

Strip away the marketing and the decision comes down to a short sequence you can run on any quote, from any country, in any pricing model.

Confirm the diagnosis first — a doctor has examined you and agreed that stable pattern loss makes you a surgical candidate. Get the graft count in writing, as a guaranteed number or committed minimum, never as an undefined “maximum.” Demand the all-in total, itemized: surgery, anesthesia, facility fees, aftercare, accommodation and transfers where relevant. Then do the division — total cost over guaranteed grafts — and compare quotes on that number alone, not on headline rates or package labels.

With arithmetic settled, weigh the things it can’t capture. Who exactly operates, and what is their documented experience with your hair type? What do unretouched twelve-month results look like? What does the guarantee promise, in writing, if growth disappoints — and how does follow-up work once you’re home?

The ranges in this guide put honest brackets around the market: package pricing abroad can cost a fraction of per-graft totals in the US and UK, and much of that gap is economics rather than quality. But the cheapest good transplant is still the one you only need once. Spend your research hours on the team and the terms, spend your money on a written, itemized commitment, and let the per-graft math — not the brochure — cast the deciding vote.

Frequently asked questions

How much do 3,000 grafts of hair cost?

It depends on the pricing model. In package-priced markets like Turkey, 3,000 grafts typically falls within a standard all-inclusive session: our FUE guide range is EUR 2,600–5,850, with Sapphire FUE at EUR 3,000–7,800. In per-graft markets, US totals for sessions of this size commonly land within the USD 8,000–15,000 bracket and UK totals between GBP 3,000 and 10,000. Always compare the final all-in figure, not the headline rate.

Is 1 graft equal to 1 hair?

No. A graft is a follicular unit — a natural cluster containing one to four hairs, averaging a little over two. That means 2,000 grafts usually delivers over 4,000 individual hairs. Clinics sometimes advertise hair counts because the number looks bigger, so always confirm whether a quote refers to grafts or hairs, and insist that your written plan and price are stated in grafts.

How much will 2,000 hair grafts cost?

In package-priced clinics, 2,000 grafts sits comfortably inside a standard all-inclusive session, so the price is the package price — EUR 2,600–5,850 in our FUE guide range. In per-graft markets, a 2,000-graft session typically falls in the middle of the usual national brackets: GBP 3,000–10,000 in the UK and USD 8,000–15,000 in the US. Your exact figure depends on technique, clinic and the final all-in quote.

How much will 5,000 grafts cover?

When genuinely available, 5,000 grafts can address extensive loss across the front, mid-scalp and much of the crown in advanced Norwood patterns. The catch is availability: many people’s donor areas cannot safely supply that many follicles, sometimes not even across a lifetime. Be cautious of clinics promising 5,000 grafts before examining your scalp — advanced loss usually calls for strategic prioritization of the frontal zone rather than sheer volume.

Is per-graft or package pricing cheaper overall?

Neither model is automatically cheaper — the market is. Package totals in Turkey generally undercut per-graft totals in the US and UK because staff and facility costs are lower, not because the pricing structure itself saves money. Within any one market, compare quotes by dividing the all-in total by the guaranteed graft count; that effective per-graft figure exposes both inflated counts and undersized packages.

Why do Turkish clinics use package pricing?

Because their patients are mostly international. A traveler booking flights needs a fixed, predictable total before committing, and bundling hotel, transfers, interpreter and aftercare into one price answers that need. Flat packages also suit high-volume clinics, where predictable revenue per patient simplifies scheduling. The model works well when the clinic commits to a guaranteed graft count in writing — and poorly when ‘maximum grafts’ stays undefined.

What does an all-inclusive hair transplant package usually include?

Typically the procedure with local anesthesia, pre-operative blood tests, the first post-operative check and washing sessions, an aftercare kit, two or three hotel nights, airport-hotel-hospital transfers, and often an interpreter with remote follow-up. Flights are almost never included, and add-ons like PRP sessions or scalp micropigmentation are usually separate. Request an itemized written list of inclusions and treat anything absent from it as a probable extra.

Are more expensive hair transplants better quality?

Not reliably. Price mostly reflects local wages, facility costs and market positioning rather than skill, and no strong evidence shows that premium-labeled techniques produce better graft survival than standard FUE in experienced hands. Quality tracks with the team: who performs each surgical stage, their documented experience with your hair type, and unretouched twelve-month results. Verify those factors directly — an expensive clinic can execute poorly and a modest one superbly.

How many grafts do I need for a receding hairline?

Clinics commonly estimate anywhere from a few hundred to around 1,500 grafts for hairline restoration, but the honest answer requires an examination. Your loss pattern, donor density, hair thickness, curl and the contrast between hair and skin color all shift the number substantially. A surgeon should also plan for future loss, since pattern hair loss is progressive — sometimes recommending fewer grafts now to preserve donor supply for later.

Does DHI cost more than FUE?

Generally, yes, by a modest margin. Our guide range for a DHI package is EUR 3,000–5,850 versus EUR 2,600–5,850 for standard FUE, because DHI’s implanter-pen placement is slower and more labor-intensive per graft. Whether that premium buys a better result is unproven — no high-quality research shows consistent superiority for either technique. The experience of the team performing your specific procedure matters more than the tool’s name.

References

• Hair transplant — MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
• Hair loss — NHS
• Hair Loss — MedlinePlus

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.