463 plain-language articles across 34 topics — symptoms explained, nutrition, lab results, medical technology and everyday wellbeing — written by Dr. Şule Eren, published daily by the group behind 45 hospitals and clinics in Türkiye, Bulgaria, Serbia, Netherlands and North Macedonia. For clinical guidance on a condition or procedure, see the Health Library.
An oncologist is a physician who diagnoses and treats cancer. Medical oncologists use medicine-based therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, surgical oncologists perform biopsies…
Arthropathy is the umbrella term for any disease of a joint, regardless of cause. It includes degenerative wear such as osteoarthritis, autoimmune inflammation such…
Autonomic dysfunction, also called dysautonomia, happens when the nerves that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, sweating, and temperature stop working smoothly. Symptoms —…
A convulsion is the visible event: sudden, uncontrolled shaking or stiffening of the body. A seizure is the underlying cause in many cases —…
Clinicians divide obesity into three classes by body mass index: class 1 is a BMI of 30 to 34.9, class 2 is 35 to…
Papules are small, solid, raised skin bumps — usually under a centimeter across — that contain no visible fluid or pus. Most come from…
Neurophysiology tests measure the electrical activity of nerves, muscles, and the brain. An EMG records signals inside muscle, a nerve conduction study times impulses…
Paraplegia is paralysis affecting the legs and, in some cases, the trunk, most often caused by damage to the spinal cord at or below…
Pomegranates deliver fiber, potassium, vitamin C, and unusually potent polyphenols called punicalagins. Human studies link regular consumption to modest drops in blood pressure and…
An EEG (electroencephalogram) is a painless, safe test that records the brain's electrical activity through small sensors placed on the scalp. It captures brain…
Magnesium helps more than 300 enzyme systems run, supporting muscle and nerve function, steady heart rhythm, blood sugar regulation, blood pressure, and bone strength.…
An A1C chart translates your hemoglobin A1C percentage into plain terms: below 5.7% is generally considered normal, 5.7% to 6.4% signals prediabetes, and 6.5%…
Waking at 3am is usually normal physiology rather than a warning sign. By that hour you have finished most of the night's deep sleep,…
Probiotics are live microorganisms, found in fermented foods like yogurt and kefir, that may add helpful bacteria to your gut. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers,…
Chia seeds are a concentrated source of fiber, plant omega-3 fat (ALA), protein, and minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Current evidence supports modest,…
Moringa leaves are genuinely nutritious and rich in antioxidant plant compounds, and small human studies hint at modest effects on blood sugar and cholesterol.…
Your kidneys sit toward the back of your upper abdomen, one on each side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third…
The sacrum is a triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed from five vertebrae that fuse during early adulthood. Wedged between the…
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