3,574 plain-language articles across 62 topics, symptoms explained, nutrition, lab results, medical technology and everyday wellbeing, written by Dr. Şule Eren, published daily by the group behind 45 hospitals and clinics in Türkiye, Bulgaria, Serbia, Netherlands and North Macedonia. For clinical guidance on a condition or procedure, see the Patient Guides.
The main types of immunotherapy are checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, CAR T-cell and other adoptive cell therapies, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, treatment vaccines, and locally…
Intrathecal chemotherapy is chemotherapy injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord, usually through a lumbar puncture or a…
Chemotherapy has three time scales. A single session can take anywhere from a few minutes for an injection to several hours for an intravenous…
Chemotherapy for stage 4 cancer is usually given to control the disease rather than cure it: to shrink or slow tumors that have spread,…
Radiation therapy itself is not painful: the beam cannot be felt, much like having an X-ray, and each session lasts only minutes. Discomfort, when…
Hair growth after chemotherapy usually begins within a few weeks of the final treatment, starting as soft fuzz and reaching roughly an inch or…
Chemotherapy for metastatic cancer is medicine that travels through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells wherever they have spread. For most metastatic cancers it…
Chemotherapy hair loss happens because many chemotherapy medicines target fast-dividing cells, and the cells in hair follicles divide quickly. Shedding usually starts two to…
Chemotherapy is usually grouped in three ways: by goal (curative, adjuvant or neoadjuvant to support surgery, and palliative to control symptoms and slow growth),…
Chemotherapy and radiation are different tools for the same job. Chemotherapy uses medicines that travel through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells anywhere in…
Immunotherapy cost has no single figure because the bill is driven by which drug class is used, how many treatment cycles you receive, whether…
A bone marrow transplant, also called a stem cell transplant, replaces damaged or destroyed blood-forming stem cells with healthy ones from your own body…
A chemotherapy port is a small device, roughly the size of a quarter, placed under the skin of the upper chest and connected by…
External beam radiation therapy directs precisely shaped, high-energy beams from a machine outside the body at a tumor to damage cancer-cell DNA. It is…
Immunotherapy rarely announces itself with a feeling. The clearest signs it is working come from imaging that shows tumors shrinking or holding steady, tumor-marker…
Immunotherapy works by helping your own immune system recognize and attack cancer cells, rather than poisoning the cells directly the way chemotherapy does. Some…
Most external beam radiation for prostate cancer involves 20 to 39 sessions, given five days a week over roughly four to eight weeks, while…
Immunotherapy drugs are cancer treatments that help the body's own immune system recognize and attack tumor cells, rather than killing those cells directly the…
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