What Hepatitis B Blood Tests Show: Markers, Viral Load and How They Shape Your Plan

The envelope from the lab arrives before the appointment does. You open it at the kitchen table and find a page of abbreviations, HBsAg, anti-HBc, HBeAg, and, near the bottom, a line reading “HBV DNA” followed by a number with more digits than feels comfortable. A relative was diagnosed years ago and never talked about it. Now you have a hepatitis B viral load test result of your own and no idea whether the number is alarming or ordinary.

That gap between the printout and its meaning is where a lot of unnecessary fear lives. The markers on a hepatitis B panel each answer a different question: Are you infected now? Were you ever? Are you protected? How busy is the virus today? None of them, read alone, decides your plan.

This explainer walks through what each line measures, how clinicians combine them, and why the same viral load can mean something quite different for two people sitting in the same waiting room.

What does a hepatitis B viral load test actually measure?

Hepatitis B is a virus that settles in liver cells and uses them to make copies of itself. A viral load test counts those copies indirectly: it measures the amount of viral DNA, the virus’s genetic material, present in a fixed volume of your blood. The result tells your clinician how actively the virus is reproducing at the moment the sample was drawn.

The laboratory method is real-time polymerase chain reaction, or PCR. PCR is a technique that takes a very specific stretch of DNA and copies it over and over, doubling with each cycle, until even a trace amount becomes large enough to detect. “Real-time” means the machine watches the copying as it happens, and “quantitative” means it converts that signal into a number rather than a simple yes or no. The fewer cycles needed before the signal appears, the more virus was in the tube to begin with.

For you, the experience is an ordinary blood draw from a vein in the arm. No fasting is needed, and the sample travels to a molecular laboratory rather than the routine chemistry bench. Results come back on a laboratory timeline rather than the same day, so the appointment to discuss them is often scheduled a little after the draw.

What the test does not measure matters just as much. It does not show inflammation, scarring or how well the liver is working. Those questions belong to liver enzymes, imaging and, sometimes, a biopsy. A viral load is a snapshot of viral traffic, and traffic and road damage are two different things. Keeping that distinction in mind prevents the most common misreading of a hepatitis B report, treating a large number as proof of a sick liver.

Reading the alphabet: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe

Before anyone looks at the viral load, the antigen and antibody markers set the scene. An antigen is a piece of the virus itself; an antibody is a protein your immune system makes in response. The CDC’s testing guidance describes how the combination of these markers separates current infection, past infection and vaccine protection.

Marker	What it is	What a positive result usually suggests
HBsAg (surface antigen)	Protein on the outer coat of the virus	Current infection, acute or chronic
Anti-HBs (surface antibody)	Antibody against the coat protein	Protection, from vaccination or a resolved infection
Anti-HBc total (core antibody)	Antibody against the virus’s inner core	Infection at some point, past or present; not produced by vaccination
IgM anti-HBc	Early-type core antibody	Recent infection, typically within the past several months
HBeAg (e antigen)	Protein released during active replication	Virus copying itself briskly; often pairs with a high viral load
Anti-HBe (e antibody)	Antibody against the e antigen	Replication has slowed or the immune system has gained ground

A few pairings do most of the interpretive work. Surface antigen positive with core antibody positive means active infection. Surface antibody positive on its own, with no core antibody, is the fingerprint of vaccination. Core antibody and surface antibody together, with no surface antigen, points to an infection your body cleared. According to CDC and NHS guidance, surface antigen that stays positive for more than six months defines chronic infection.

The viral load then answers the follow-up question these markers cannot: how much virus, exactly, and is that amount changing?

HBV DNA quantitative test results: IU/mL, copies and log values explained

Most laboratories report hepatitis B viral load in international units per milliliter, written IU/mL. An international unit is a standardized measure agreed across laboratories so that a result in one city can be compared with a result in another. Some older or regional reports use copies per milliliter instead. The two scales are not interchangeable, and the conversion depends on the assay, so if your reports switch units, ask your care team to compare them properly rather than doing the arithmetic yourself.

You may also see a log value, written as log10 IU/mL. A logarithm compresses very large numbers into a short scale where each whole step means a tenfold change. A viral load of 1,000 IU/mL is 3 log; 10,000 IU/mL is 4 log; 1,000,000 IU/mL is 6 log. Clinicians like this scale because hepatitis B viral loads can span a range from tens to hundreds of millions, and what matters clinically is usually a change of one or two logs, not a difference of a few hundred units.

Three phrases on a report deserve a plain translation. “Not detected” means the assay found no viral DNA above its detection floor. “Detected, below the lower limit of quantification” means a trace was present but too small to count reliably. A numeric result means the virus was present in measurable quantity. Every assay has its own floor, and the report will state it.

Because assays differ, the most useful comparison is between your own results over time, ideally from the same laboratory. A single high value, viewed alone, says less than a trend across two or three visits.

Is there a normal range for hepatitis B viral load?

The honest answer is that there is no normal range, because the healthy state is having no hepatitis B DNA in the blood at all. A person who has never been infected, or who cleared the infection, will have an undetectable result. So the reference-range column on your report may simply say “not detected,” which can make any number look abnormal by comparison.

What clinicians use instead are decision thresholds. WHO’s hepatitis B guidance, for example, treats viral loads above roughly 2,000 IU/mL as meaningful when liver enzymes are also raised, and viral loads above roughly 20,000 IU/mL as meaningful even when enzymes are normal. These are not lines between normal and abnormal. They are points at which the balance of evidence shifts toward starting antiviral treatment, and they are always weighed together with age, liver stiffness, family history of liver cancer and other markers.

Two people can therefore have identical viral loads and receive different advice. A young adult in an early phase of infection with a viral load in the millions, normal enzymes and a soft, healthy liver may be asked to return for monitoring. Someone with a much lower viral load but evidence of scarring may be advised to start treatment now. The number is a piece of the picture rather than the verdict.

For people already on antiviral treatment, “normal” has a different meaning: the target is a viral load that falls to undetectable and stays there. A rising value in that setting prompts a conversation about adherence, resistance or a change of plan: a conversation for the prescribing clinician, not for the patient to resolve alone.

Acute or chronic: what the six-month rule means for your results

Hepatitis B behaves very differently depending on when and how it arrived. Acute infection is the first encounter, and chronic infection is what remains if the immune system does not clear the virus. Blood markers are how the two are told apart, because symptoms are unreliable, many people have none at all.

In acute infection, the timeline is long. WHO describes an incubation period of 30 to 180 days, with the virus detectable in blood within about 30 to 60 days of exposure. The CDC notes that when symptoms occur they appear on average about 90 days after exposure. During this window the surface antigen is positive, IgM core antibody is typically present, and the viral load may be high before falling as the immune response takes hold.

Who clears the virus depends heavily on age. WHO reports that around 90 percent of infants infected in the first year of life develop chronic infection, compared with fewer than 5 percent of otherwise healthy adults. The immune system of a newborn tends to tolerate the virus rather than fight it, which is why so much of the world’s chronic hepatitis B began at birth or in early childhood.

The six-month rule is the practical dividing line. CDC and NHS guidance define chronic infection as surface antigen persisting beyond six months. Until then, a positive result is treated as possibly acute, and repeat testing is the honest way to find out which way things are going. A viral load drawn during acute infection can look frightening yet fall to nothing without any medicine, which is one reason clinicians resist making long-term plans on a single early result.

Who is usually offered a viral load test, and who is asked to wait

A viral load test is ordered for people who already know they carry the virus. If your surface antigen is positive, a baseline viral load is part of the first work-up, alongside liver enzymes, e-antigen status and imaging. From there it becomes a monitoring tool, repeated at intervals to watch for change.

Certain situations move the test up the priority list. Pregnancy is one, because the viral load in the later months helps decide how to protect the baby. Planned chemotherapy, biologic therapy or other treatments that suppress the immune system are another, since a quiet infection can reactivate when immune defenses are lowered. Someone with unexplained rising liver enzymes, or with a known infection who has been out of follow-up for years, will usually be retested promptly.

Equally useful is knowing who does not need it. Household members, sexual partners and family of a newly diagnosed person are screened, but with surface antigen and antibody tests, not a viral load: the first question for them is whether they are infected or protected at all. A person whose only positive marker is surface antibody after vaccination has no virus to count. Someone with core antibody and surface antibody, and no surface antigen, has resolved the infection and is monitored for viral load only in specific circumstances such as upcoming immunosuppression.

“Asked to wait” has a particular meaning here. Many people with chronic infection are not offered treatment at diagnosis because their liver is healthy and the virus, while present, is not causing harm. For them, waiting is an active plan: scheduled repeat testing, with the door to treatment open if the numbers or the liver change. It is not neglect, and it is not the end of the conversation.

Why the number moves: the phases of chronic hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B is not one steady state. Over decades, the relationship between virus and immune system shifts, and the viral load rises and falls with it. Clinicians describe several broad phases, and while the labels vary between guideline groups, the pattern is consistent.

Early on, especially in people infected at birth, the immune system largely ignores the virus. E antigen is positive, viral loads are very high, and liver enzymes are normal because there is little inflammation. This phase can last many years.

At some point the immune system begins to recognize infected liver cells and attack them. Viral load often falls, but enzymes rise because the attack damages the liver. This is the phase in which scarring can accumulate and where treatment is most often considered.

Many people then reach a quieter state: e antibody replaces e antigen, viral load drops to low or undetectable levels, and enzymes settle. This low-replication phase can be stable for a lifetime. In some people, however, a mutated form of the virus learns to replicate without producing e antigen, and viral load climbs again with renewed inflammation. That is why an e-antigen-negative result is reassuring only when the viral load and enzymes agree with it.

A smaller number of people eventually lose the surface antigen altogether, the closest the natural history comes to resolution, though the virus’s template can persist silently in liver cells and reactivate if immunity is later suppressed.

Understanding these phases explains why a single result is rarely acted on in isolation. The same viral load carries a different weight depending on which phase the rest of the panel suggests you are in, and phases can only be identified by watching results over time.

How viral load and ALT together shape the treatment decision

ALT, or alanine aminotransferase, is an enzyme that leaks from liver cells when they are injured, so a raised level signals inflammation. Viral load tells you how much virus is present; ALT tells you whether the immune response to it is hurting the liver. Read together, they form the core of the treatment decision.

WHO’s guidance illustrates the logic. A high viral load with raised ALT indicates active damage from active infection, and treatment is generally recommended. A very high viral load with normal ALT may still prompt treatment, since a heavy viral burden over years raises the long-term risk of scarring and liver cancer. A low viral load with normal ALT usually points to monitoring. Anyone with cirrhosis, established scarring that has stiffened the liver, is typically treated regardless of the number, because the margin for further injury is small.

The medicines used are mainly nucleoside and nucleotide analogues, taken by mouth. They work by mimicking the building blocks of DNA; the viral enzyme that assembles new viral DNA picks up the decoy and stalls. The virus is suppressed rather than eliminated, which is why the Mayo Clinic notes that treatment often continues for months or years. Viral load typically falls over the first months of treatment, and the goal is a value that becomes undetectable and stays there. A second class, interferons, works by boosting the immune response and is given as injections for a defined course; it suits a narrower group of people.

Because stopping these medicines abruptly can trigger a flare of viral replication and inflammation, any change is planned with the prescribing clinician, who weighs the viral load, ALT, liver stiffness and your other health conditions. The test informs that judgment; it does not replace it.

Viral load in pregnancy and protecting the baby

Most of the world’s chronic hepatitis B began at birth, so pregnancy is where a viral load result has the most immediate consequence for someone else. The good news is that transmission from mother to child is largely preventable, and the viral load is the tool that guides how much protection is needed.

Every pregnancy is screened for surface antigen. If it is positive, a viral load is checked in the later part of pregnancy. Babies born to mothers with hepatitis B receive a birth dose of vaccine within hours of delivery and, in many settings, hepatitis B immune globulin, ready-made antibodies that provide immediate short-term protection while the vaccine takes effect. WHO and CDC guidance describe this combination as the foundation of prevention.

For mothers with a very high viral load, that foundation may not be enough on its own, because a large amount of virus can cross before or during birth. WHO recommends that antiviral treatment be considered in the third trimester when the viral load is above roughly 200,000 IU/mL, to lower the amount of virus in the blood at the time of delivery. The decision, whether to start, which medicine, and how long to continue after birth, sits with the obstetric and liver teams together, taking the mother’s own liver health into account.

Breastfeeding is not a barrier. The CDC advises that mothers with hepatitis B can breastfeed once the baby has received the birth-dose protection, and the small amount of virus in breast milk has not been shown to cause infection in protected infants. Delivery by cesarean is not routinely recommended for hepatitis B alone.

After birth, the baby completes the vaccine series and is tested later in infancy to confirm protection took hold. That final test, not the mother’s viral load, is what closes the loop.

What the following weeks and months usually look like after a positive result

A first positive surface antigen result opens a sequence rather than delivering a verdict. The early weeks are about completing the picture; the months that follow settle into a rhythm.

The completing phase usually includes the full marker panel, a baseline viral load, liver enzymes and kidney function, and a liver ultrasound. Many clinics add elastography, a painless scan that measures liver stiffness as a proxy for scarring. Testing for hepatitis C and HIV is standard, since shared routes of transmission make co-infection worth ruling out. Immunity to hepatitis A is checked and vaccination offered if it is missing, because a second liver infection on top of hepatitis B is best avoided. Household and sexual contacts are invited for screening and vaccination.

If the decision is to monitor, CDC clinical guidance describes repeat viral load and enzyme testing at intervals of roughly six to twelve months, with the interval tightened if results move or if you are in a phase where change is expected. The NHS describes the same pattern of regular check-ups. Expect a blood draw, a review of trends, and a conversation about whether anything has shifted.

If the decision is to treat, the first months involve closer checks to confirm the viral load is falling and to watch kidney and bone markers for the medicine class involved. Once the viral load is undetectable and stable, visits typically stretch back out.

Throughout, alcohol is the modifiable factor with the clearest evidence, and clinicians generally advise avoiding it or keeping it to a minimum. Herbal and dietary supplements marketed for “liver detox” deserve caution; some have been linked to liver injury, and none has been shown to reduce hepatitis B viral load.

Why is hepatitis B considered a sexually transmitted infection?

Hepatitis B travels in blood, semen and vaginal fluid, which is why public health agencies list sexual contact among its main routes of transmission. The virus is present in high concentrations in blood and in smaller amounts in other body fluids, and WHO notes it can survive outside the body for at least seven days on surfaces. Sexual contact without a condom, sharing needles or injecting equipment, and exposure to blood through shared razors, toothbrushes or unsterilized instruments are all recognized pathways. Birth to an infected mother remains the most common route worldwide.

The label can feel like an accusation, and it should not. Globally, the CDC and WHO note that most chronic infections were acquired at birth or in early childhood, decades before the person had any say in the matter. A person diagnosed in adulthood may have carried the virus since infancy without knowing. The route by which you acquired hepatitis B says nothing about your character and everything about the circumstances you were born into or the healthcare available at the time.

The practical reason the classification matters is prevention. Sexual partners are offered testing and, if not immune, vaccination: a vaccine WHO describes as safe and highly effective. Condoms reduce transmission until a partner’s protection is confirmed. Household members are screened and vaccinated, and personal items that might carry blood are not shared.

Equally worth stating clearly: hepatitis B is not spread through food, water, shared utensils, hugging, kissing, coughing, or casual contact at work or school. The NHS and CDC are explicit on this point. A low or undetectable viral load lowers, but does not eliminate, the possibility of transmission, so protection of partners and contacts does not depend on the number alone.

Beyond blood: ultrasound, elastography and liver cancer surveillance

Blood tests describe the virus and the chemistry of the liver; they do not show its shape, texture or the early tumors that hepatitis B can eventually seed. That is why imaging sits alongside the viral load in any complete plan.

Ultrasound is the workhorse. It shows liver size, surface contour, blood flow and any focal lumps, and it detects the fluid and spleen enlargement that accompany advanced scarring. Elastography, either a dedicated device or an ultrasound with a stiffness setting, sends a gentle pulse through the liver and measures how fast it travels. Stiffer tissue means more scarring, and the result is a number that can be tracked over years without a biopsy. A biopsy, in which a needle removes a small core of liver tissue for examination, is reserved for cases where the noninvasive results disagree or a specific diagnosis is needed.

The purpose that most often surprises people is cancer surveillance. Chronic hepatitis B raises the long-term risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary liver cancer, and the risk exists even in people with a low viral load and no cirrhosis if other factors are present. CDC clinical guidance and the major liver societies recommend ultrasound roughly every six months for those at elevated risk, including anyone with cirrhosis, people with a family history of liver cancer, and adults above age thresholds that vary by region of birth and sex. A blood protein called alpha-fetoprotein is sometimes added.

The point of finding a tumor early is that small tumors have more treatment options. Surveillance is not a sign that your team expects the worst; it is the routine that gives the best chance of catching a problem while it is still small.

What people often get wrong about hepatitis B blood tests

Misreadings cluster around a few predictable points, and each is worth correcting plainly.

A high viral load means my liver is badly damaged. Not necessarily. In the early immune-tolerant phase, viral loads in the millions coexist with normal enzymes and a healthy liver. Damage is read from ALT, stiffness and imaging, not from the DNA count.

Undetectable means the infection is gone. On treatment, undetectable means suppressed, not eliminated. The virus keeps a template inside liver cells that the current medicines do not remove, which is why the surface antigen usually stays positive and why stopping treatment can bring the viral load back. Only loss of surface antigen, confirmed on repeat testing, signals the deeper change.

A positive core antibody means I am infected now. Total core antibody persists for life after any infection, including ones the body cleared decades ago. Current infection is defined by the surface antigen.

A low viral load means I cannot pass it on. Lower is less risky, but the CDC and NHS still advise partner vaccination, condoms until immunity is confirmed, and not sharing items that may carry blood.

The vaccine will help now that I am infected. Vaccination protects people who are not yet infected. It has no effect on an established infection, though it remains essential for your contacts.

A supplement or herbal remedy will clear the virus. No dietary supplement has been shown to reduce hepatitis B viral load, and some marketed for liver health have been associated with liver injury. Anything you take alongside hepatitis B belongs on the list you share with your clinician.

The thread running through all of these: no single line on the report is the whole story.

Questions to ask your care team about your hepatitis B results

A hepatitis B appointment is short and the report is long, so a written list helps. These questions are the ones that most often change what a person understands about their own plan.

• Is my infection acute or chronic, and if it is not yet clear, when will we know?
• Which phase of chronic hepatitis B do my markers suggest, and what would tell us it is changing?
• What is my viral load in IU/mL and in log, and how does it compare with my last result from the same laboratory?
• Are my liver enzymes normal, and if not, do you think the virus or something else is responsible?
• Have I had a stiffness measurement or ultrasound, and what did they show about scarring?
• Do I meet the criteria for treatment now? If not, what specific result would change that?
• If treatment is recommended, how does the medicine work, how will we know it is working, and what monitoring goes with it?
• Do I need liver cancer surveillance, and how often?
• Which of my family members and contacts should be tested, and how do they arrange vaccination?
• Am I immune to hepatitis A, and do I need that vaccine?
• Is there anything in my current medicines or supplements that could affect my liver or interact with hepatitis B treatment?
• If I am planning a pregnancy, or am pregnant, what does my viral load mean for the baby?
• What symptoms should prompt me to contact you before my next scheduled visit?
• How often should I be seen, and who do I contact if I move or change clinics?

Bring previous reports if you have them. A result from years ago, even from another country, can tell your clinician which phase you were in then, and that history sharpens the reading of today’s number.

When to call your doctor

Most people with hepatitis B feel well most of the time, and monitoring exists precisely because the liver rarely announces trouble early. Some signs, however, should not wait for the next scheduled visit.

Contact your care team promptly, or seek urgent care if the symptom is severe, if you notice yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, urine that turns dark like tea, or stools that become pale or clay-colored. These point to bile not moving through the liver normally. The same urgency applies to persistent nausea and vomiting, new pain or tenderness under the right ribs, or a fever with fatigue that seems out of proportion.

Seek emergency care for vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, new confusion or unusual drowsiness, swelling of the abdomen or legs that appears over days, or bleeding and bruising that seem out of proportion. These can indicate advanced liver dysfunction or bleeding from enlarged veins, and they need same-day assessment.

If you are taking antiviral medicine, tell your prescriber before making any change, and call if you have missed several doses, if a new medicine has been started by another clinician, or if you are about to begin chemotherapy, steroids or other treatment that lowers immunity. A quiet infection can flare when the immune system is suppressed, and planning ahead prevents that.

Also reach out if you have simply lost touch: if it has been more than a year since your last viral load and enzyme check, that gap is itself a reason to book. Hepatitis B is a long game, and the decisions about treatment, surveillance and timing belong with the team that knows your history: the tests are how they keep the picture current.

Frequently asked questions

What is a hepatitis B viral load test?

It is a blood test that measures how much hepatitis B virus DNA is present in a set volume of blood, using a laboratory method called real-time PCR. The result, usually in IU/mL, shows how actively the virus is copying itself. Clinicians use it alongside antigen, antibody and liver enzyme results to decide between monitoring and treatment and to track whether treatment is working.

What is the hepatitis B viral load normal range?

There is no normal range, because someone without the virus has no hepatitis B DNA in their blood, so the reference result is simply “not detected.” For people with chronic infection, clinicians use decision thresholds from guidelines rather than a normal band, and they interpret the number together with liver enzymes, e-antigen status, liver stiffness and age. On treatment, the goal is a viral load that becomes undetectable and stays there.

What do HBV DNA PCR test results in “log” mean?

A log value compresses large numbers into a short scale where each whole step is a tenfold change. A viral load of 1,000 IU/mL is 3 log, 100,000 IU/mL is 5 log, and 10,000,000 IU/mL is 7 log. Clinicians use logs because meaningful changes in hepatitis B are usually tenfold or more, and a drop of two logs on treatment is a clearer signal than a difference of a few thousand units.

Does a high viral load mean my liver is badly damaged?

No, not on its own. In the early immune-tolerant phase of chronic infection, viral loads in the millions often coexist with normal liver enzymes and a healthy, soft liver. Damage is assessed from ALT, liver stiffness measurement, ultrasound and sometimes biopsy. A high viral load does raise long-term risk over many years, which is why it is monitored, but it is not a measure of current injury.

If my viral load is undetectable, is the infection gone?

Usually not. On antiviral treatment, undetectable means the virus is suppressed, not eliminated; the virus keeps a genetic template inside liver cells that current medicines do not remove, and stopping treatment can allow it to return. The surface antigen typically stays positive. Only loss of surface antigen, confirmed on repeat testing, indicates the deeper change, and even then the virus can reactivate if immunity is later suppressed.

Why is hep B considered an STD?

Because the virus is carried in blood, semen and vaginal fluid, sexual contact is one of its recognized routes, alongside birth to an infected mother, sharing needles, and exposure to blood on shared razors or unsterilized instruments. Worldwide, most chronic infections began at birth or in early childhood, so the label describes a transmission route, not a judgment about the person. Partners are offered testing and vaccination.

How much does an HBV viral load test cost?

This article does not give prices, because they vary widely by country, laboratory, insurance arrangement and public health program, and a figure quoted for one setting would mislead readers in another. The ordering clinic or laboratory can tell you what applies to you, and in many health systems monitoring for chronic hepatitis B is covered as part of routine care. Ask before the sample is drawn if cost is a concern.

How often is a hepatitis B viral load test repeated?

For people being monitored rather than treated, CDC clinical guidance describes repeat viral load and liver enzyme testing at intervals of roughly six to twelve months, with closer checks if results are changing or a phase transition is expected. On treatment, testing is more frequent in the first months to confirm the viral load is falling, then spaces out once it is undetectable and stable. Your care team sets the interval.

Can a hepatitis B surface antigen test be positive after vaccination?

Not in any lasting way. Vaccination produces surface antibody (anti-HBs), not surface antigen (HBsAg). A transiently positive surface antigen has been reported in the first days after a vaccine dose because the vaccine contains the antigen itself, so laboratories advise against testing immediately after vaccination. A surface antigen that remains positive weeks later indicates infection and would be followed up with a core antibody test and a viral load.

Can I have children and breastfeed if I have hepatitis B?

Yes. Transmission to a baby is largely preventable with a vaccine dose within hours of birth, often with hepatitis B immune globulin, and antiviral treatment in late pregnancy may be considered when the mother’s viral load is very high, a decision made with the obstetric and liver teams. The CDC advises that breastfeeding is safe once the infant has received birth-dose protection. Cesarean delivery is not routinely recommended for hepatitis B alone.

References

• World Health Organization: Hepatitis B fact sheet
• CDC: Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Hepatitis B
• NHS: Hepatitis B
• MedlinePlus: Hepatitis B

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.