Why Does Dumping Syndrome Happen After Gastric Bypass, and How Can It Be Avoided?

Twenty minutes after a celebratory slice of birthday cake, six weeks out from surgery, she is sitting on the kitchen floor with her back against the cabinet. Heart racing, shirt damp, a cramping wave low in her belly, and a wobbliness that makes standing feel unwise. Nobody warned her cake could do this. Or rather, somebody did, in a leaflet, and the words did not land until now.

Dumping syndrome after gastric bypass is one of the most predictable consequences of the operation, and one of the least understood by the people it happens to. It is not an allergy, not a sign the surgery failed, and not something to simply endure. It is plumbing. The bypass changes how quickly food reaches the intestine, and the body reacts with a cascade of fluid shifts and hormone surges that feel alarming but follow clear rules.

Once you know the rules, most episodes become avoidable. This explainer walks through what actually happens, why the bypass in particular sets it up, and what the evidence says about keeping it quiet.

What actually happens in dumping syndrome after gastric bypass

Think of a normal stomach as a holding tank with a metered drain. Food sits, gets mixed with acid, and is released a little at a time through the pylorus, the muscular ring at the stomach’s exit. The pylorus is why a large meal does not hit the small intestine all at once.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the most common bypass operation, creates a small pouch from the upper stomach and connects it directly to a loop of small intestine. The pylorus and most of the stomach are left in place but bypassed, so they no longer meter what you eat. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), this is the central reason dumping syndrome occurs after stomach surgery: food, especially sugar-rich food, arrives in the intestine faster and in a more concentrated form than the body is built to handle.

Two things follow. The concentrated contents pull water out of the bloodstream and into the gut by osmosis, the same physical pull that makes salt draw moisture from a cut cucumber. That sudden shift of fluid stretches the intestine and drops blood volume slightly, which is why the heart speeds up and people feel faint. At the same time, the intestine releases a burst of gut hormones that ordinarily trickle out over an hour or more.

Later, if the meal contained a lot of quickly absorbed sugar, blood glucose rises fast, the pancreas answers with a large insulin release, and glucose then falls further than it should. The Mayo Clinic describes this second phase as late dumping. Same operation, same meal, two distinct mechanisms separated by an hour or two on the clock.

Early versus late dumping: two problems on one clock

Most people picture dumping as one thing. Clinically it is two, and telling them apart changes what you do about it. The NIDDK and Mayo Clinic both draw the line by timing and cause.

Feature	Early dumping	Late dumping
Typical onset after eating	About 10 to 30 minutes (NIDDK)	About 1 to 3 hours (NIDDK)
Main driver	Rapid fluid shift into the intestine plus gut hormone surge	Excess insulin release causing low blood sugar
What people commonly describe	Fullness, cramping, nausea, urgency, flushing, fast heartbeat, lightheadedness	Sweating, shakiness, hunger, difficulty concentrating, feeling faint
Usual trigger	Large meals, liquids with meals, sugary or fatty foods	Meals or drinks high in simple sugars
First-line approach	Meal size, pacing, separating fluids	Sugar limits, protein and complex carbohydrate at every meal

The table is a summary of typical patterns, not a checklist for diagnosing yourself. Symptoms overlap, and some people experience both phases from a single meal. What matters is the rhythm: early dumping is a gut-and-circulation event, late dumping is a blood-sugar event. The Mayo Clinic notes that late dumping is less common than early dumping but can be more disruptive because it arrives when the meal is long forgotten and is easily mistaken for something else entirely.

If you keep a simple diary of what you ate and when symptoms started, the pattern usually declares itself within a couple of weeks, and it gives your care team something concrete to work with.

Why gastric bypass specifically sets this up

Not every weight-loss operation carries the same risk. The difference comes down to what happens to the pylorus and how much of the stomach remains as a reservoir.

In Roux-en-Y bypass, both are affected: the reservoir shrinks to a small pouch and the pylorus is bypassed entirely. The Cleveland Clinic lists gastric bypass among the operations most associated with dumping syndrome for exactly this reason. Anything you swallow has a short, unregulated path into the intestine.

Sleeve gastrectomy, an operation that removes a large portion of the stomach but keeps the pylorus in place, is less commonly linked to classic dumping, although it is not immune. Rapid emptying can still occur when the stomach becomes a narrow tube, and sugary liquids can still race through. Operations for ulcers or stomach cancer that remove or cut through the pylorus also produce dumping, which is why the NIDDK discusses it as a consequence of stomach surgery in general rather than bariatric surgery alone.

The size of the opening between pouch and intestine matters too. A wider connection lets food through faster. Surgeons account for this in how they build the anastomosis, the surgical join between two hollow organs, but there is natural variation in how each person’s connection behaves once healed.

One more piece: after bypass, the intestine is exposed to food that has not been diluted by the usual volume of stomach fluid. Concentration, not just speed, is the problem. This is why a modest amount of a sugary drink, which would barely register in an intact stomach, can trigger a full episode after bypass. The same physics explains why protein-rich, slowly digested foods rarely cause trouble.

How common is dumping syndrome, and who is more likely to be affected

Estimates vary with how the question is asked. Many people have a mild episode or two while learning to eat differently and never think of it as a syndrome. Fewer have recurrent, disruptive symptoms. The NIDDK estimates that roughly 1 in 10 people who have stomach surgery develop dumping syndrome, and notes it is more likely after operations that remove or bypass the pylorus, which places gastric bypass squarely in the higher-risk group.

Certain patterns raise the odds of an episode. People who return to larger portions quickly, who drink with meals, or who favor sweetened drinks and desserts tend to notice symptoms sooner and more often. Individual sensitivity plays a role too: two people can eat the same meal and have very different reactions, partly because of differences in gut hormone response and how quickly the intestine adapts.

There is also a question of timing in how clinicians approach it. In the first weeks after surgery, the entire digestive system is settling, and most teams treat early symptoms as a signal to revisit eating habits rather than a reason for tests. The Mayo Clinic notes that most cases improve as people learn how to eat for their new anatomy and as the digestive system adjusts, which is why a period of dietary adjustment usually comes before any further investigation.

People are typically asked to wait for tests or additional treatment until diet changes have had a fair trial, unless symptoms are severe, involve fainting, or include documented low blood sugar. Those situations move things along faster, because the risks of a fall or a severe glucose dip outweigh the benefits of patience. Your surgical team and dietitian decide where you sit on that spectrum.

How doctors confirm it is dumping syndrome

Often the story alone is enough. A clinician hears that symptoms arrive a predictable interval after meals, that sugary foods are the worst offenders, and that lying down helps, and the picture fits. The Mayo Clinic describes the medical history and symptom review as the first step, sometimes supported by a scoring questionnaire that weights symptoms by how typical they are.

When the picture is less clear, or when late dumping with low blood sugar is suspected, tests come into play. A modified oral glucose tolerance test involves drinking a measured sugar solution and then checking blood glucose, and sometimes heart rate and blood count, at intervals over a few hours. A rise in heart rate and a change in blood concentration early on, or a fall in glucose later, support the diagnosis. Some teams instead use a mixed-meal test that mimics real food.

A gastric emptying study, in which a small amount of a harmless tracer is added to food and its movement is tracked with a scanner, can show how fast the pouch empties. The Mayo Clinic lists both approaches among the tests used.

Part of the job is ruling other things out. Symptoms after eating can also come from a narrowing at the surgical join, an ulcer near the connection, gallstones, a food intolerance that emerged after surgery, or simply eating too fast. Persistent vomiting, pain that does not follow the dumping timeline, or difficulty swallowing solids point away from dumping and toward one of these alternatives, and may lead to an endoscopy, a camera examination of the pouch and connection.

None of this is something to sort out alone. The tests are straightforward, but interpreting them in the context of your operation is the team’s job.

Dumping syndrome diet: the first-line treatment

Every major source agrees on where treatment begins, and it is not a prescription. The Mayo Clinic, NIDDK, and NHS all place eating changes first, and for most people they are also last, because they work.

The principles are simple to state and take practice to live. Eat smaller amounts more often; the Mayo Clinic suggests something like six small meals through the day rather than three larger ones. Chew thoroughly and put the fork down between bites, a habit the MedlinePlus discharge guidance for gastric bypass emphasizes because it slows the whole process down and lets fullness register.

Separate liquids from solids. The Mayo Clinic advises not drinking with meals and waiting about 30 minutes before or after eating, because fluid washes food through the pouch faster and dilutes nothing useful. Sip through the rest of the day instead so you stay hydrated.

Cut simple sugars hard. Regular soda, fruit juice, candy, syrups, sweetened yogurts, and many baked goods are the classic triggers for both early and late dumping. Read labels for added sugar, and be cautious with sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, which can cause their own cramping and loose stools.

Build each meal around protein, then add fiber-rich complex carbohydrates such as vegetables, beans, and whole grains, which slow absorption. Some people find that moderate fat helps slow emptying, while very fatty meals worsen symptoms; this varies, and a food diary settles it. The Mayo Clinic also mentions that soluble fiber sources such as pectin or guar gum can thicken meal contents and slow their passage, though whether to use them is a conversation with your dietitian rather than a supermarket decision.

A registered dietitian who works with bariatric patients is the single most useful person for this phase.

How to help dumping syndrome symptoms when an episode starts

Prevention is the goal, but episodes happen, especially in the first months. Knowing what to do in the moment turns a frightening event into a manageable one.

For early dumping, lie down. The Mayo Clinic notes that lying down for around 30 minutes after eating can ease symptoms, because gravity is no longer pulling contents through the pouch and because reclining supports blood pressure while fluid is shifting into the gut. Loosen tight clothing around the waist. Breathe slowly. The racing heart and sweating are the body compensating for a temporary drop in circulating volume, and they settle as fluid rebalances. Cramping and urgency usually pass within an hour.

Do not drink a large glass of water in the hope of flushing things through; that adds volume and can prolong the episode. Small sips are fine once the worst has passed.

Late dumping calls for the opposite instinct. If symptoms arrive one to three hours after a meal and feel like shakiness, sweating, and a foggy head, the likely cause is low blood sugar. A small amount of quickly absorbed carbohydrate, followed shortly by protein, brings glucose back up and then holds it steady. Your care team will tell you what and how much is appropriate for you, and whether you should have a glucose meter to confirm what is happening. Treating a suspected low with a large sugary drink can set up the next dip, so follow the plan you have agreed rather than improvising.

Afterward, write down what you ate, how much, how fast, and when symptoms began. Patterns emerge quickly, and the diary is more valuable to your team than any single test.

How to treat dumping syndrome after gastric bypass when diet is not enough

A minority of people follow every eating principle and still have disruptive symptoms. For them, clinicians have a short ladder of options, each with a clear mechanism and a clear place.

Thickening agents come first on that ladder because they are the gentlest. Soluble fibers slow how quickly the pouch empties and how fast sugar is absorbed, addressing both early and late dumping. The Mayo Clinic mentions pectin and guar gum as examples.

For persistent late dumping, one medicine class slows the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestine, so glucose enters the blood gradually and the insulin response is blunted. The Mayo Clinic lists acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, as an option used for this purpose. It is generally taken with meals, and its main side effects are gas and bloating, which limits how well some people tolerate it.

When symptoms are severe and other measures have failed, a somatostatin analog such as octreotide may be considered. Somatostatin is a natural hormone that quiets the release of many gut hormones and slows intestinal transit. The synthetic version is given by injection and is reserved for difficult cases because of side effects, cost of monitoring, and the need for careful follow-up. The Mayo Clinic describes it as a treatment used when other approaches have not helped.

Surgery to revise the connection or to narrow the outlet is rare and is a last resort after everything else, including a full reassessment for other causes such as a widened anastomosis.

Whether any of these is right for you, and in what order, is a decision for the prescribing clinician who knows your operation, your test results, and your other conditions. Nothing here is a recommendation to start, stop, or change a medicine.

Late dumping syndrome symptoms and blood sugar: why this phase needs its own plan

Late dumping deserves separate attention because it behaves like a different illness. The cramping and rush of early dumping are unmistakably connected to the meal; the sweating, trembling, and mental fog of late dumping arrive when you have moved on to something else, and people often blame stress, a poor night’s sleep, or their imagination.

The mechanism, as the NIDDK explains, is a mismatch. Sugar reaches the intestine fast, is absorbed fast, and blood glucose spikes. The pancreas responds to the spike, not to the total meal, and releases more insulin than the meal ultimately warranted. Glucose then falls, sometimes below the normal range. The brain runs almost entirely on glucose and objects quickly, which is why concentration, coordination, and mood are affected.

Some people after bypass experience this pattern so consistently that clinicians describe it as post-bariatric hypoglycemia, low blood sugar occurring after eating. The Mayo Clinic notes that late dumping is less common than early, but when it is frequent it carries real risk: a glucose dip while driving or on stairs is a safety issue, not merely a nuisance.

The management logic follows from the mechanism. Reduce the spike and you reduce the crash. That means minimizing simple sugars, never eating carbohydrate on its own, and pairing every carbohydrate portion with protein and fiber so absorption is stretched out. Eating small amounts more often prevents both the peak and the trough. For some, a slow-carbohydrate-absorption medicine is added, as discussed above.

A glucose meter or continuous monitor, if your team recommends one, can confirm whether symptoms track with actual low readings. That single piece of data changes the conversation from “I feel strange after lunch” to “my glucose fell to a specific level ninety minutes after lunch,” and it directs treatment precisely.

Dumping syndrome and anxiety: why they feel the same and how to tell them apart

People ask about anxiety for a good reason. The early phase of dumping produces a racing heart, sweating, flushing, lightheadedness, and a sense that something is wrong. Those are also the cardinal features of a panic attack. Late dumping adds trembling, a hollow feeling, and difficulty thinking, which overlaps with anxiety just as much. It is not surprising that some people are told, or tell themselves, that they are having panic episodes.

The overlap runs both ways. The Mayo Clinic notes that anxiety and stress can worsen digestive symptoms generally, and a person who has had a few unexpected dumping episodes may start to dread meals, eat tensely and quickly, and skip food, all of which make the next episode more likely. Fear of eating in public can shrink social life just as surgery was meant to expand it.

Timing is the most reliable separator. Dumping keeps a schedule relative to food; anxiety does not need a meal. If episodes cluster 10 to 30 minutes or one to three hours after eating, and especially after sugary foods, the gut is the more likely driver. If they arrive on an empty stomach, in anticipation of a difficult conversation, or at three in the morning, anxiety or another cause moves up the list. A glucose reading during a late episode adds objective evidence.

Both can be true at once, and treating one helps the other. Getting dumping under control through eating changes removes a powerful trigger for anxiety. Where anxiety persists, the same care team that follows your surgery can involve mental health support; many bariatric programs build this in. Nobody should have to choose between a gut explanation and a mind explanation. The body does not observe that boundary.

How long does dumping syndrome last? The weeks and months after surgery

There is no fixed expiry date, and no source offers a guarantee. What the evidence describes is a typical arc.

In the first few weeks, eating is restricted to liquids and then soft foods under the program’s staged plan, and dumping is uncommon simply because the volumes are tiny and sugar is largely excluded. The MedlinePlus discharge guidance for gastric bypass describes this progression and its emphasis on small amounts, slow eating, and avoiding sugary drinks.

The vulnerable stretch tends to be the transition to regular textures, often somewhere in the second and third month, when people test old favorites and portions creep up. This is when the birthday cake moment from the opening of this article typically happens. Most episodes in this window are learning experiences rather than a sign of a chronic problem.

The Mayo Clinic notes that most people find dumping symptoms improve within a few months as they adapt their eating and as the digestive system adjusts. Adaptation is real: the intestine’s ability to handle concentrated contents improves, and habits that felt like effort become automatic.

A smaller group continues to have symptoms beyond that period, or develops late dumping with documented low glucose after the first year. For them, the timeline is less about waiting and more about active management, using the diet, thickening, and medicine steps already described. The NHS guidance on life after weight-loss surgery frames the eating changes as permanent rather than a temporary recovery diet, which is the realistic way to think about it.

If symptoms are getting more frequent rather than less as months pass, that trend itself is worth raising with your team, because it may point to something other than uncomplicated dumping.

What people often get wrong about dumping syndrome

Several myths circulate in waiting rooms and online groups, and each one leads people in the wrong direction.

“It means the surgery went wrong.” Almost never. Dumping is a predictable effect of bypassing the pylorus, not a complication of technique. The NIDDK describes it as a common consequence of stomach surgery. A structural problem such as a narrowed connection produces a different pattern, usually vomiting and difficulty with solids rather than the classic post-meal rush.

“It is a useful deterrent, so I should not try to prevent it.” Some people are told dumping is a built-in punishment for eating sweets that helps weight loss. Repeated episodes of fluid shift and low blood sugar are not a training tool; they carry fall and safety risks and can drive food anxiety. Prevention through eating habits is the goal, not the enemy of it.

“Only sugar causes it.” Sugar is the strongest trigger, but large portions, eating quickly, drinking with meals, and very fatty foods all provoke early dumping. People who cut sugar and still have symptoms usually find one of these behind it.

“Diet soda is safe because it has no sugar.” Carbonation expands the pouch and drinking with meals speeds emptying regardless of sweetener; some sugar alcohols in sugar-free products cause cramping on their own.

“Late symptoms are just anxiety.” As discussed above, a glucose reading during an episode resolves this quickly, and the two can coexist.

“Once it settles, I can go back to normal eating.” The anatomy is permanent. Most people find tolerance improves, but the NHS is clear that eating changes after weight-loss surgery are lifelong, and old habits tend to bring old symptoms back.

Questions to ask your care team about dumping syndrome

Appointments are short and symptoms are hard to describe after the fact. Arriving with specific questions, and a food and symptom diary, makes the time count. These are worth considering:

• Based on my timing and triggers, does this sound like early dumping, late dumping, or both, and what would change your mind?
• Should I be checking my blood glucose during episodes, and if so, how would we interpret the readings together?
• Are there features in my story that suggest a different cause, such as a narrowing at the connection, an ulcer, or gallstones, and would an endoscopy or scan help?
• Can I have a review with the program dietitian focused specifically on meal spacing, fluid timing, and hidden sugars?
• What exactly should I do during an episode, and does that differ for early and late symptoms?
• At what point would you consider a thickening agent or a medicine, and what side effects would we watch for?
• Is it safe for me to drive, exercise, or work at heights given how my late symptoms are behaving right now?
• How do my other conditions, such as diabetes treatment or blood pressure medicines, interact with what is happening?
• Do you see a link between my symptoms and stress or mood, and is there someone on the team I could talk to about that?
• What would make you want to see me sooner than my next scheduled visit?

You are not expected to know the answers, only to raise the questions. Every decision about tests and treatment sits with the team that performed and follows your surgery, and good teams welcome a patient who has done this kind of homework.

When to call your doctor about dumping syndrome after gastric bypass

Most episodes pass on their own and are best handled by adjusting how you eat. Some situations should not wait for a routine appointment.

Seek urgent care or emergency help if you faint, feel you are about to faint and cannot bring it under control by lying down, or have confusion, slurred speech, or a seizure, since these can indicate a severe blood-sugar drop or a fall risk that needs immediate attention. Chest pain, severe or worsening abdominal pain that does not follow the usual dumping timeline, vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds, black or bloody stools, or signs of dehydration such as very little urine, dizziness on standing, and a dry mouth all warrant prompt assessment rather than waiting to see if they settle.

Call your surgical team or dietitian within a day or two if episodes are becoming more frequent rather than less, if you have measured low glucose readings, if you are losing weight faster than your program expects or cannot keep food down, if you are avoiding meals or social eating because of fear of symptoms, or if you have started a new medicine and symptoms changed afterward. Persistent difficulty swallowing solids, or vomiting after most meals, points away from dumping and toward a structural problem that needs looking at.

Keep a record of the episode: what you ate, when, how quickly symptoms started, and how long they lasted. If you have a glucose meter, note the reading. That information lets your team distinguish uncomplicated dumping from something that needs a different plan.

Nothing in this article replaces the judgment of the clinicians who know your operation and your history. When in doubt about whether something is serious, the safe choice is to ask.

Frequently asked questions

How do you treat dumping syndrome after gastric bypass?

Treatment starts with how you eat: smaller meals more often, slow chewing, liquids kept about 30 minutes away from solids, strict limits on simple sugars, and protein plus fiber at every meal. Most people improve with these changes alone. If symptoms persist, a clinician may consider soluble fiber thickeners, a medicine that slows carbohydrate absorption for late dumping, or in severe cases a somatostatin analog. Surgery to revise the connection is rare. The choice sits with your care team.

What is dumping syndrome and what are its symptoms?

Dumping syndrome is rapid movement of food from the stomach pouch into the small intestine after stomach surgery. Early symptoms, within about 10 to 30 minutes of eating, commonly include cramping, nausea, urgency, flushing, a fast heartbeat, and lightheadedness. Late symptoms, one to three hours later, stem from low blood sugar and include sweating, shakiness, and difficulty concentrating. Symptoms overlap with other conditions, so diagnosis belongs with a clinician rather than a checklist.

What is the relationship between dumping syndrome and anxiety?

They mimic each other. A racing heart, sweating, and lightheadedness occur in both early dumping and panic, while shakiness and mental fog occur in both late dumping and anxiety. Repeated unexpected episodes can also create genuine anxiety about eating, which in turn worsens eating habits. Timing is the best separator: dumping follows meals on a predictable schedule, anxiety does not require food. A glucose reading during a late episode gives objective evidence, and both can be addressed together.

How can I help dumping syndrome symptoms during an episode?

For early symptoms, lie down for around 30 minutes, loosen clothing at the waist, breathe slowly, and avoid drinking large amounts of fluid, which can prolong the episode. For suspected late symptoms one to three hours after eating, a small amount of quick carbohydrate followed by protein steadies blood sugar; your care team will tell you what is appropriate and whether to confirm with a glucose meter. Afterward, note what you ate and when symptoms began.

What are late dumping syndrome symptoms and why are they different?

Late dumping symptoms appear about one to three hours after eating and result from low blood sugar rather than fluid shifts. Rapidly absorbed sugar causes a glucose spike, the pancreas releases more insulin than needed, and glucose then falls below normal. People commonly describe sweating, trembling, hunger, weakness, and trouble concentrating. Because the meal is long over, these episodes are easily mistaken for stress or fatigue. Pairing carbohydrate with protein and fiber at every meal reduces the spike that sets them off.

What does a dumping syndrome diet look like day to day?

Picture roughly six small meals rather than three large ones, each built around a protein source with vegetables, beans, or whole grains alongside. Fluids are sipped between meals, not during them, with about a 30-minute gap either side. Regular soda, juice, candy, syrups, and sweetened dairy are largely avoided, and labels are checked for added sugar and sugar alcohols. Very fatty meals are approached cautiously. A bariatric dietitian tailors these principles to your tolerance and preferences.

How long does dumping syndrome last after gastric bypass?

There is no fixed duration. The Mayo Clinic notes that most people find symptoms improve within a few months as they adapt their eating and the digestive system adjusts. Episodes are most common during the transition to regular foods in the early months. A smaller group has persistent symptoms or develops late dumping with low glucose later on, and they benefit from active management rather than waiting. The underlying anatomy is permanent, so protective eating habits are lifelong.

Can dumping syndrome after gastric bypass be avoided entirely?

It can be made uncommon for most people, though not guaranteed away, because the anatomy that causes it is permanent. The habits with the strongest evidence are small portions, slow eating with thorough chewing, separating liquids from solids by about 30 minutes, minimizing simple sugars, and including protein and fiber at every meal. Keeping a food and symptom diary in the early months helps identify personal triggers quickly. Occasional mild episodes while learning are normal.

Does dumping syndrome mean my gastric bypass failed?

No. Dumping is a predictable consequence of bypassing the pylorus, the valve that normally meters food out of the stomach, and the NIDDK describes it as a common effect of stomach surgery rather than a surgical error. A structural complication such as a narrowed connection or ulcer produces a different pattern, typically vomiting and difficulty with solids. If your symptoms do not fit the usual dumping timeline, your team can investigate for these other causes.

Why does gastric bypass cause dumping more than sleeve gastrectomy?

Roux-en-Y bypass connects a small stomach pouch directly to the intestine, bypassing the pylorus, so nothing meters the flow of food. Sleeve gastrectomy removes much of the stomach but keeps the pylorus, so food is still released gradually, and the Cleveland Clinic lists bypass among the operations most associated with dumping. Sleeve patients can still experience rapid emptying, particularly with sugary liquids, but the classic pattern is less common.

References

• NIH NIDDK – Dumping Syndrome
• Cleveland Clinic – Dumping Syndrome
• MedlinePlus – Gastric bypass surgery – discharge
• NHS – Weight loss surgery

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.