Local, Regional or General? Anesthesia Options for Finger and Toe Surgery Explained

The pre-op nurse asks the question almost in passing, clipboard in hand: “Did they talk to you about being awake for this?” For a lot of people booked for a trigger finger release, a mallet finger repair or an ingrown toenail procedure, that is the first moment the word awake really lands. The finger is the problem. Why would the whole body need to go to sleep?

Often it does not. Anesthesia for finger surgery sits on a spectrum, from a few small injections at the base of the digit to a full general anesthetic with a breathing tube, and the right point on that spectrum depends on the operation, your health and your own preferences about what you want to feel and remember.

This explainer walks through the three broad options, what each one actually feels like in the room, how long the numbness tends to last, and the handful of warning signs that should prompt a phone call afterward. The decision stays with your treating team; the goal here is to make the conversation feel less like a surprise.

How anesthesia for finger surgery actually works

Every nerve in your hand carries messages as tiny electrical pulses. Those pulses depend on sodium flowing through channels in the nerve’s outer membrane. Local anesthetic drugs, a class that includes lidocaine and bupivacaine, temporarily plug those channels. With the channels blocked, the pain signal from a scalpel at the fingertip simply cannot travel up the arm to the brain. The tissue is still being cut; the message never arrives.

That single mechanism explains all three options. A local anesthetic places the drug right next to the small nerves of one finger or toe. A regional anesthetic places it further upstream, around the larger nerve bundles at the wrist, elbow, armpit or ankle, so an entire hand or foot goes quiet. A general anesthetic works differently: it uses intravenous or inhaled drugs that act on the brain itself, producing a controlled, reversible state of unconsciousness.

Because the nerve-blocking approach is so targeted, it carries none of the whole-body effects of general anesthesia, and the NHS notes that local anesthetics typically start to work within a few minutes and wear off over a few hours. Many hand and foot operations are short, superficial and performed on a small area, which is precisely the situation nerve blocks were designed for.

Sedation is the fourth ingredient that gets mixed in. It is not a separate type of pain control; it is a layer of intravenous medicine that makes you drowsy, relaxed and often unable to recall much of the procedure, while the block does the actual work of stopping pain. Teams can turn that layer up or down depending on how awake you want to be.

Local, regional or general: the three options at a glance

Before getting into the details, it helps to see the choices side by side. Think of this as the menu your anesthesia team is choosing from, and the broad trade-offs each item carries.

Option	Where the medicine goes	What you feel	Typically used for	Common trade-offs
Local (digital block)	Base of one finger or toe	Awake; pressure and movement but no sharp pain in the digit	Nail procedures, trigger finger, small fracture pinning, tendon repairs, cyst removal	Brief sting at injection; must tolerate being awake
Regional (nerve block)	Around larger nerves at the wrist, elbow, armpit or ankle	Whole hand or foot heavy and numb; often sedated	Multiple digits, longer repairs, tourniquet use, procedures above the digit	Numbness can outlast surgery by many hours; small risk of nerve irritation
General	Bloodstream and lungs; acts on the brain	Unconscious throughout	Complex reconstructions, children, severe anxiety, when blocks are unsuitable	Fasting required, nausea, grogginess, needs an escort home

The columns are not rigid. A digital block may be paired with light sedation; a general anesthetic is frequently combined with a nerve block so that you wake with a numb, comfortable hand. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, the three categories are often layered rather than chosen in isolation, and the team’s job is to match the combination to the operation and the person. What follows takes each row in turn.

What is a digital block for finger surgery and what does it feel like?

A digital block is the workhorse of hand surgery. The word digital here means “of the digit”, not electronic. Each finger is supplied by four small nerves running along its sides, two on the palm side and two on the back. A surgeon or anesthesia clinician injects a small volume of local anesthetic near the base of the finger so the medicine bathes those nerves. Within minutes the whole finger beyond the injection point is numb to pain.

Patients tend to describe the same sequence. The skin is cleaned, which feels cold. The needle itself produces a sharp pinch, then a spreading, stinging pressure as the fluid goes in; the pressure is usually the part people remember, and it fades quickly. Some clinicians buffer the solution or inject slowly to soften that sting. After a few minutes the finger feels fat, warm and oddly separate from the rest of the hand.

What you will still notice is touch, pull and movement. Pain fibers are small and easily blocked; the thicker fibers that carry a sense of pressure and position are more resistant, so you may feel the surgeon tugging without any of it hurting. Teams usually warn you about this so it does not feel alarming. Many will also test the block with a gentle pinch before the first incision and top it up if any sensation remains.

Because the block affects only one digit, you can talk, watch if you want to, or look away. There is no fasting requirement for a local anesthetic used on its own, per NHS guidance, and most people can leave shortly after the operation once the dressing is checked.

Anesthesia for toe surgery: digital blocks and ankle blocks

Toes follow the same anatomy as fingers, so the digital block translates directly. Ingrown toenail procedures, nail-bed repairs, small bunion-adjacent corrections and hammertoe releases are routinely done with a toe block alone. The injection site at the base of the toe can feel more tender than on the hand, partly because the skin there is thicker and the area is less accustomed to being handled.

When surgery involves several toes or extends into the forefoot, surgeons often step up to an ankle block. This is a form of regional anesthesia in which local anesthetic is placed around the five nerves that cross the ankle to supply the foot. The result is a numb foot from roughly the ankle down, allowing a wider operation while you remain awake or lightly sedated.

Two practical differences from hand surgery matter for planning. First, you will be standing and walking on the operated foot, so the team will tell you whether weight-bearing is allowed immediately and whether a protective shoe or boot is needed. Second, a numb foot is a fall risk. Until sensation returns, you cannot feel where your foot is on a step, and the Cleveland Clinic lists this loss of position sense as a reason to move carefully and keep the limb protected after any regional block.

Toe procedures in people with diabetes or circulation problems deserve extra attention. Healing is slower, infection risk is higher, and some surgeons avoid certain adrenaline-containing solutions in toes with poor blood supply. These are judgment calls for the treating team, made case by case rather than by rule.

When is a nerve block for hand surgery used instead of a local?

Regional anesthesia, in plain terms, means numbing a whole region of the body by blocking the main nerves that supply it. For the hand, the common sites are the wrist, the elbow, the armpit (an axillary block) and the neck just above the collarbone (a supraclavicular or interscalene block). The anesthesia clinician uses ultrasound to see the nerves, slides a needle alongside them and deposits the anesthetic, usually with you lightly sedated.

Why go upstream when a digital block would do? Several reasons come up repeatedly:

• The operation involves more than one finger, or the palm, or the wrist as well.
• The surgeon needs a tourniquet, a tight cuff on the upper arm that keeps the field blood-free. Tourniquet pressure becomes painful after a while, and an arm-level block covers that discomfort in a way a finger block cannot.
• The procedure is expected to run long, and a longer-acting block provides hours of post-operative pain relief.
• You would rather not feel the hand being handled at all.

A nerve block does not stop at the operating room door. Depending on the drug chosen, the hand may stay numb and heavy well into the evening or the next morning, which is useful for comfort but demands care: the arm should be kept in a sling, away from heat, and protected from being bumped or slept on. Johns Hopkins Medicine describes this prolonged numbness as the expected course rather than a complication, provided it resolves over the anticipated window your team gives you.

When is general anesthesia used for finger or toe surgery?

General anesthesia is a medically induced, carefully monitored state of unconsciousness. You breathe through a mask or a soft tube in the airway, an anesthesia clinician adjusts the medicines minute by minute, and you wake in a recovery area with no memory of the procedure. For a small digit operation it can sound like overkill, and often it is, but there are clear situations where it becomes the sensible choice.

Children are the obvious group. A young child cannot reliably hold still through an injection and a procedure, and a frightening experience can leave a lasting mark. Pediatric hand and foot surgery is therefore usually done asleep, frequently with a digital or regional block added once the child is unconscious so that waking is comfortable.

Adults may be offered a general anesthetic when the surgery is complex or lengthy (replantation after amputation, multi-structure reconstruction, large tumor excision), when a nerve block has failed or is unsuitable, when there is an infection or bleeding disorder near the block site, or when a person has severe anxiety, a movement disorder, or a cognitive condition that makes lying still unrealistic.

The trade-offs are the familiar ones. The NHS advises fasting before a general anesthetic, typically no food for about six hours and clear fluids stopped around two hours beforehand, with exact instructions set by your team. Afterward you will need someone to take you home and stay with you for 24 hours. Mayo Clinic lists nausea, vomiting, sore throat, shivering and temporary confusion among the common after-effects, with serious complications described as rare, particularly in otherwise healthy people. Your anesthesia clinician will weigh these against the benefits for your specific operation.

Who is usually offered local, and who is usually asked to consider another option

Local anesthesia is the default for a reason. For a single digit, a short operation and a calm adult, a digital block offers the smallest intervention with the fastest recovery, and most hand surgeons reach for it first. If that describes you, expect the conversation to start there.

Some circumstances tilt the balance toward regional or general, or toward postponing surgery altogether. Your team is likely to look closely at the following:

• A known allergy to local anesthetics. True allergy is uncommon, but a documented reaction changes the plan.
• Infection at the injection site. Injecting through infected tissue risks spreading it, so a block may be placed higher up or the procedure delayed until the infection is treated.
• Poor circulation in the digit. Severe peripheral artery disease or certain vasospastic conditions may lead a surgeon to avoid adrenaline-containing solutions or choose a different approach.
• Blood-thinning medicines. These rarely rule out a digital block, but deep blocks near major vessels may need more planning. Never stop a prescribed blood thinner on your own; the surgical and prescribing teams coordinate that.
• Inability to lie still or follow instructions. This applies to young children and to some adults with tremor, dementia or extreme needle anxiety.
• An uncontrolled medical problem on the day. A chest infection, very high blood pressure or unstable blood sugar can prompt a short delay for any type of anesthesia.

None of these is an automatic bar. They are flags that move the discussion from “local, as usual” to “let’s think about this one.” The Mayo Clinic notes that smoking, sleep apnea, obesity and heart or lung disease raise risk with general anesthesia in particular, which is one more reason teams prefer the lightest option that will safely get the job done.

What happens on the day, step by step

The rhythm of a local-anesthetic finger or toe operation is quite different from the image most people carry of “surgery.” Here is the typical sequence for a digital block, with the variations for regional and general noted along the way.

You arrive, confirm your identity and the exact digit, and the surgeon marks the site with a pen. For local alone there is usually no gown required beyond rolling up a sleeve, though policies vary. A regional or general plan adds a gown, an intravenous line and monitoring stickers on your chest.

In the procedure room you lie on a bed with your arm or leg resting on a side table. The skin is cleaned with antiseptic. The block is placed: a pinch, a sting, then pressure. For a regional block the clinician will be watching an ultrasound screen while the needle goes in and may ask you to report any sharp, electric sensation. For a general anesthetic, this stage is replaced by medicine through the IV and drifting off within seconds.

A waiting period follows while the block takes hold. The team tests it, drapes the limb so you cannot see the field unless you choose to, and begins. Conversation is normal; many patients chat with the surgeon or the nurse. You will feel movement and pressure but not pain. If anything does hurt, say so immediately; topping up a block is routine.

Afterward the wound is dressed, often with a bulky padded bandage, and you move to a recovery chair. With a local alone you can usually leave within a short time once the team is satisfied. After sedation or a general anesthetic you stay longer, and the NHS is explicit that you must not drive, operate machinery or sign legal documents for the rest of the day.

How long does numbness last after finger surgery?

This is the question people ask most in recovery, and the honest answer is that it depends on which medicine was used and where it was placed. A few general patterns hold.

Short-acting local anesthetics such as lidocaine tend to wear off over a few hours, which the NHS gives as the typical window for local anesthesia. Longer-acting agents such as bupivacaine are often chosen deliberately so that the finger stays comfortable into the evening. Many surgeons mix the two: fast onset from one, long tail from the other. Regional blocks placed at the arm or ankle commonly last longer still, and your team should give you an expected range for your specific block before you go home.

Sensation comes back in a recognizable order. Tingling and pins-and-needles arrive first, then awareness of temperature, then light touch, and finally a dull ache from the wound itself. That ache is the signal to take any pain relief your team prescribed before the block fully fades, rather than waiting for sharp pain. Timing and choice of medicine are set by the prescribing clinician; the principle of staying ahead of the wear-off is what matters.

Two cautions apply while a digit is numb. Keep it away from heat sources (hot taps, cooking, heating pads), because you cannot feel a burn developing. And protect it from pressure; a numb hand trapped under your body during sleep can develop pressure injury without any warning sensation. The Cleveland Clinic notes that persistent numbness beyond the expected window, especially if accompanied by weakness, should be reported rather than waited out.

Is finger surgery done under local anesthesia while you are fully awake? The WALANT approach

Yes, increasingly so. Many hand surgeons now use an approach known by the acronym WALANT, which stands for Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet. The idea is simple: inject local anesthetic together with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine), a hormone that temporarily narrows blood vessels. The adrenaline keeps bleeding low enough that the surgeon does not need a tourniquet on the arm, and without a tourniquet there is no need for sedation to cover tourniquet pain.

The practical consequences are what make patients notice the difference. There is no fasting, no IV line in many centers, no grogginess, and no escort requirement for the local alone. You can walk in, have the procedure, and walk out.

The approach also changes what the surgeon can do in the room. Because you are awake and your muscles work normally, you can be asked to bend and straighten the finger during a tendon repair or trigger finger release. The surgeon watches the repair move under direct vision, confirms that it glides and does not catch, and adjusts if needed before closing. That live test is impossible when a patient is asleep or paralyzed.

The use of adrenaline in fingers was once discouraged out of concern for restricting blood flow to the digit. The research consensus has shifted considerably; hand surgery literature now broadly regards low-concentration adrenaline in healthy digits as acceptable, and the technique is widely taught. That said, surgeons remain cautious in digits with compromised circulation, and the choice to use it is theirs to make with you. If you are curious whether an awake approach suits your operation, it is a fair question to raise at the consultation.

Risks and side effects: how the options compare

No anesthetic is risk-free, but the risks differ in kind as much as in size. Framing them honestly is more useful than ranking them.

Local and digital blocks. The common effects are minor and local: a sore injection site, bruising, and the temporary odd sensation of a numb digit. Rare problems include a prolonged or patchy block, direct injury to a small nerve causing lingering tingling, and, very rarely, a reaction to the drug itself. Systemic toxicity from local anesthetic absorbed into the bloodstream is a recognized but uncommon event, more relevant to large-volume blocks than to a finger; teams calculate volumes against body weight to guard against it.

Regional blocks. These share the local risks and add a few of their own because the needle travels nearer to larger nerves and blood vessels. Bruising, a temporarily weak limb, and prolonged numbness are the expected side effects. Longer-lasting nerve irritation is uncommon and usually resolves over weeks to months. Blocks near the neck can briefly affect the diaphragm or cause a hoarse voice. Ultrasound guidance has made these blocks more precise and is now standard in most centers.

General anesthesia. The Mayo Clinic lists nausea, vomiting, sore throat, dental injury during airway management, shivering and confusion on waking as the more frequent effects. Serious complications, including breathing difficulties, heart problems, allergic reactions and awareness during anesthesia, are described as rare, and risk rises with age and underlying heart or lung disease rather than with the finger operation itself.

The practical reading is this: for a single-digit operation in a healthy adult, the lightest option carries the fewest whole-body effects, which is why it is usually offered first. When something pushes the plan toward general anesthesia, that is a considered judgment that the benefits outweigh those added effects for you.

What the following days and weeks usually look like

Recovery from the anesthesia and recovery from the surgery are two separate timelines that happen to overlap. It helps to keep them apart in your mind.

The anesthetic part is short. After a digital block, the numbness fades over hours and you are otherwise yourself. After a regional block, the hand or foot may stay heavy into the next day; keep it elevated in a sling or on a pillow, protected from heat and knocks, and move the shoulder or hip gently to avoid stiffness. After a general anesthetic, the NHS describes a day or two of tiredness, poor concentration and sometimes a sore throat, which is why the 24-hour companion rule exists. Mild nausea generally settles within that first day.

The surgical part runs longer. The bulky dressing usually stays on until a wound check, with the timing set by your surgeon. Swelling peaks over the first couple of days and is best managed by keeping the hand above heart level or the foot raised when sitting. Pain typically eases steadily once the first night is over; the aim of any prescribed pain relief is to make gentle movement possible, not to abolish every twinge. Stitches, if not dissolvable, come out at a follow-up visit, and hand therapy or toe exercises may start soon after, depending on what was repaired.

Return to normal use is dictated by the operation, not the anesthetic. A nail procedure may allow light use within days; a tendon repair follows a graded protocol over weeks. Your surgical team gives you that schedule, and it is worth asking for it in writing before you leave.

What people often get wrong about anesthesia for finger surgery

A handful of beliefs come up in nearly every pre-op conversation. Most are understandable; several are simply out of date.

“If I’m awake, I’ll feel the surgery.” You will feel pressure, pulling and movement, which the brain can misread as pain if nobody has warned you. With a properly tested block, sharp pain is absent. If anything does hurt, the block can be topped up on the spot.

“General anesthesia is safer because they can control everything.” For a healthy adult having a short digit operation, the opposite is usually true: general anesthesia introduces whole-body effects that a local block avoids entirely. Its value lies in specific situations, not in being the “gold standard” for every case.

“Adrenaline can never be used in a finger.” This was taught for decades and still appears in older textbooks. Modern hand surgery practice uses it routinely in healthy digits, with caution reserved for fingers and toes with poor blood supply.

“If my hand is still numb tonight, something went wrong.” After a regional block, many hours of numbness is the expected course. The team should tell you the anticipated window; numbness persisting well beyond that, or paired with new weakness, is what warrants a call.

“Sedation means I’ll be asleep.” Light sedation makes you relaxed and often amnesic; you may still respond to voices and remember fragments. Deep sedation shades toward general anesthesia and brings similar precautions. Ask which level is planned.

“I can drive myself home after a local.” After a local block alone, many people can, but a numb, bandaged hand or a numb foot can make driving unsafe regardless of the drug. Follow your team’s specific instruction rather than a general rule.

Questions to ask your care team before finger or toe surgery

Consultations move fast, and the anesthesia conversation is often squeezed between consent forms. Arriving with a short list helps you leave with a clear picture of what you have agreed to.

• Which type of anesthesia are you recommending for my operation, and what makes it the best fit for me?
• Will I be awake, lightly sedated, deeply sedated or asleep? What will I be likely to remember?
• If a block is planned, roughly how long should I expect the numbness to last, and when should I take the first dose of any prescribed pain relief?
• Do I need to fast? From what time, and does that include water, coffee or chewing gum?
• Should I take my usual morning medicines, including blood thinners, diabetes medicines or blood pressure tablets? (Follow the answer from the prescribing team, not from a leaflet.)
• Will a tourniquet be used, and if so, how will any discomfort from it be managed?
• What happens if the block does not work fully? Is a backup plan in place?
• Can I drive myself home, or do I need an escort and someone with me overnight?
• Are there features of my health, such as sleep apnea, lung disease or a previous reaction, that change the anesthesia plan?
• Who do I call if the numbness lasts far longer than expected or if something else worries me, including out of hours?

You are entitled to clear answers to all of these. Writing the responses on the back of your appointment letter is a small habit that pays off when the day itself feels rushed. If the plan changes on the morning of surgery, as it sometimes does, ask the same questions again; a change in anesthetic should always come with an explanation.

When to call your doctor after anesthesia for finger or toe surgery

Most people recover from a digit operation without drama. A short list of warning signs, though, should prompt a call to your surgical team the same day, or a visit to emergency care if the symptom is severe or progressing quickly.

Related to the block or anesthetic:

• Numbness or weakness in the hand or foot that persists well beyond the window your team gave you, or that returns after sensation had come back.
• Ringing in the ears, a metallic taste, dizziness, confusion or twitching in the hours after a large-volume block; these can signal local anesthetic reaching the bloodstream and need urgent assessment.
• Difficulty breathing, chest pain, swelling of the face or throat, or a widespread rash.
• After general anesthesia: vomiting that will not settle, inability to pass urine, a severe sore throat with trouble swallowing, or confusion that does not clear by the next day.

Related to the surgical site:

• A fingertip or toe that turns white, blue or dusky, feels cold compared with its neighbors, or does not pink up when pressed and released.
• Pain that escalates sharply rather than easing, especially if the dressing feels tight and the digit is swelling; this can mean a dressing or cast is constricting blood flow.
• Spreading redness, warmth, pus, a foul smell or a fever.
• Bleeding that soaks through the dressing and does not stop with firm pressure and elevation.

A dusky, cold or increasingly painful digit under a tight bandage is the one sign not to “sleep on” and reassess in the morning. Call, and if you cannot reach your team, go to an emergency department. For anything less urgent, the follow-up contact number on your discharge paperwork is the right first step, and every decision about further treatment rests with the team that knows your operation.

Frequently asked questions

Is finger surgery done under local anesthesia most of the time?

For most single-digit operations in adults, yes. Procedures such as trigger finger release, nail-bed repair, small fracture fixation and cyst removal are routinely performed with a digital block while you remain awake. Regional or general anesthesia is added when the operation is longer, involves several digits or the palm, needs a tourniquet, or when a person cannot comfortably stay still. The final choice is made by the surgeon and anesthesia clinician together with you.

What is a digital block for finger surgery and does it hurt?

A digital block is an injection of local anesthetic near the base of a finger or toe that numbs the whole digit beyond that point. The injection causes a brief sharp pinch followed by a stinging pressure as the fluid spreads, which fades within a minute or so. Once the block is working, you feel pressure and movement but not sharp pain. If any sensation remains, the surgeon can add more anesthetic before starting.

How long does a nerve block for hand surgery last?

It depends on the medicine used and the site of the block. Short-acting local anesthetics tend to wear off over a few hours, which the NHS gives as the typical window for local anesthesia, while longer-acting agents and arm-level blocks can keep the hand numb well into the evening or the following morning. Your team should tell you the expected range for your specific block and when to start any prescribed pain relief.

What kind of anesthesia is used for toe surgery?

Most toe operations, including ingrown toenail procedures and small hammertoe corrections, use a digital block at the base of the toe. When several toes or the forefoot are involved, surgeons often use an ankle block, which numbs the whole foot by placing anesthetic around the nerves crossing the ankle. General anesthesia is reserved for children, complex reconstructions or people who cannot be awake. Because a numb foot is a fall risk, you will be given walking instructions.

Do I need to fast before local anesthesia for finger surgery?

For a local anesthetic used on its own, the NHS notes that fasting is generally not required. If sedation or a general anesthetic is planned, you will be asked to stop eating and drinking beforehand, typically around six hours for food and about two hours for clear fluids, with exact times set by your team. Always follow the specific instructions you are given rather than a general rule, and ask if anything is unclear.

Can I drive home after a digital block?

After a local block alone, with no sedation, many people are medically fit to drive, but a numb, bandaged hand or a numb foot may make controlling a vehicle unsafe regardless of the drug. If you receive any sedation or a general anesthetic, you must not drive for the rest of the day and will need someone to take you home. Ask your team for their specific instruction and arrange transport in advance.

Why would a surgeon choose general anesthesia for a small finger operation?

General anesthesia is usually chosen when the operation is complex or long, when a nerve block has failed or cannot be safely placed, when the patient is a young child, or when an adult has severe anxiety, a tremor or a condition that makes lying still unrealistic. It carries more whole-body effects than a block, so it is not the default for healthy adults having short procedures. The anesthesia clinician weighs these factors with you.

Is adrenaline safe in a finger block?

In healthy fingers, modern hand surgery practice regards low-concentration adrenaline with local anesthetic as acceptable, and it underpins the wide-awake, no-tourniquet approach many surgeons now use. The older teaching that it must never be used in digits has largely been revised. Surgeons remain cautious in fingers and toes with poor blood supply, such as in severe peripheral artery disease or certain vasospastic conditions, and the decision belongs to the operating surgeon.

What are the side effects of general anesthesia compared with a nerve block?

The Mayo Clinic lists nausea, vomiting, sore throat, shivering and temporary confusion as common after general anesthesia, with serious complications described as rare and more likely in people with heart or lung disease. Nerve blocks avoid these whole-body effects but can leave the limb numb and heavy for many hours, with occasional bruising or temporary nerve irritation. Both are generally well tolerated; the right choice depends on the operation and your health.

When should I worry about numbness after finger surgery?

Numbness that lasts for the expected window your team described is normal, especially after a regional block, which can keep the hand heavy into the next day. Call if numbness persists well beyond that window, if it returns after sensation had come back, or if it comes with new weakness. Seek urgent care if the fingertip turns white, blue or cold, if pain escalates under a tight dressing, or if you feel dizzy, confused or short of breath.

References

• NHS: Local anaesthesia
• NHS: General anaesthesia
• MedlinePlus: Anesthesia

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.