Free Testosterone Levels: Why Total Testosterone Can Mislead and What the Ratio Means
Free testosterone is the small fraction, roughly 1 to 3 percent, of testosterone that is not bound to blood proteins and can act on…
4,035 plain-language articles across 62 topics, symptoms explained, nutrition, lab results, medical technology and everyday wellbeing, written by Dr. Şule Eren, published daily by the group behind 45 hospitals and clinics in Türkiye, Bulgaria, Serbia, Netherlands and North Macedonia. For clinical guidance on a condition or procedure, see the Patient Guides.
Free testosterone is the small fraction, roughly 1 to 3 percent, of testosterone that is not bound to blood proteins and can act on…
A person is usually a candidate for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease when they have confirmed idiopathic Parkinson disease, still respond clearly…
Before retina surgery, two imaging tests do most of the work. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) gives a cross-section of the retina, showing whether the…
Before a vestibular rehabilitation first appointment, most teams ask for three things: a short symptom diary recording when dizziness happens, how long it lasts…
Prolapse surgery recovery usually unfolds over about six weeks, though heavy lifting is often restricted longer. Most surgeons advise avoiding lifting anything heavier than…
In the first days after a neck and face lift, a helper's main tasks are keeping the head raised, emptying and recording any drains,…
Facial fat transfer uses a person's own fat, taken by gentle liposuction and injected into the face, to add soft, natural-looking volume; facial implants…
For most healthy adults the best temperature for sleep is roughly 60 to 67°F (about 15.5 to 19.5°C), with some guidance settling around 64…
The main types of mastectomy differ in how much skin and nipple are kept, not in how much breast tissue is removed. A total…
After a hysteroscopy, light spotting and period-like cramping for a few days are expected. Warning signs that need a same-day call to your gynecologist…
During a TMS session you sit awake in a reclining chair while a clinician positions an electromagnetic coil against your scalp, most often over…
A typical classic liposuction candidate is an adult at or near a stable weight for several months, with localized fat pockets that resist diet…
A hair transplant can restore a receding hairline by moving follicles from the back of the scalp, where hair is genetically resistant to balding,…
A supportive atopic dermatitis daily routine rests on three anchors: a short, lukewarm bath or shower with a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser; a generous layer…
Sarcoma treatment in teenagers usually combines chemotherapy with surgery, and sometimes radiation, sequenced over many months by a specialist sarcoma team. Because young bodies…
Vitamin D toxicity, also called hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but serious condition caused almost always by taking far too much supplemental vitamin D…
A custom prosthetic eye is usually made by an ocularist over several visits, typically starting around six to eight weeks after eye removal surgery…
VUR surgery is usually considered when watchful waiting is no longer working or is unlikely to work: repeated febrile urinary infections despite preventive antibiotics,…
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