Zygomatic Implant Surgery Step by Step: Cheekbone Anchoring, Sinus Path and Same-Day Teeth

The consultation ends the way several before it have ended: a scan on the screen, a pause, and the words “there isn’t enough bone.” For someone who has already lived through a failed graft, or years with an upper denture that lifts every time they laugh, that sentence lands hard. Then the surgeon mentions cheekbones, and the room shifts.

Zygomatic implant surgery steps are unfamiliar to most people because the technique itself is unusual. Instead of building new bone where the upper jaw has thinned, the surgeon borrows stable bone from the zygoma, the cheekbone, using implants long enough to travel from the gumline to a point behind the cheek. The route passes the maxillary sinus, and in many cases a fixed set of teeth is attached before the patient goes home.

This explainer walks through what actually happens, in order, from the first cone-beam scan to the months of quiet healing that follow. It also says plainly what the evidence shows and where it stops.

What is a zygomatic implant, and why anchor teeth in the cheekbone?

Start with the anatomy. The upper jaw, called the maxilla, is the horseshoe of bone that holds the upper teeth. Once teeth are lost, the bone that held them no longer receives the chewing load it was built for and slowly thins, a process dentists call resorption. Above the back of the maxilla sits the maxillary sinus, an air-filled cavity behind each cheek. As the jaw shrinks from below and the sinus expands from above, the strip of bone between them can end up thinner than a coin. A standard dental implant, a titanium post roughly the length of a tooth root, has nothing to grip.

The zygoma, the cheekbone, does not resorb in the same way. It is dense, it stays put, and it sits within reach of the back of the upper jaw. A zygomatic implant is a much longer titanium screw designed to enter at the ridge of the jaw near where a premolar would be and travel upward and outward until its tip seats firmly in the cheekbone. The head of the implant, the part that will carry a tooth, remains in the mouth; its anchor sits several centimeters away, above and behind the sinus.

That geometry is the whole idea. Titanium bonds with living bone through osseointegration, in which bone cells grow onto the metal surface and lock it in place. The same biology that holds a hip replacement holds a zygomatic implant, according to Mayo Clinic’s overview of implant surgery.

In practice the technique is usually combined: two zygomatic implants at the back paired with conventional implants at the front, or four zygomatic implants (a “quad” configuration) when the front of the jaw is also too thin. The systematic review by Chrcanovic and colleagues on PubMed catalogs both patterns across dozens of published series.

Zygomatic implant surgery steps at a glance: from scan to same-day teeth

People tend to picture one long operation. The reality is a sequence, and knowing the order takes some of the mystery out of it. The table below summarizes the stages most published protocols share; your own team may add or merge steps depending on your anatomy and general health.

Stage	What happens	Where it usually takes place
Assessment	Medical history, examination, cone-beam CT scan, sinus check, discussion of alternatives	Clinic, before surgery
Digital planning	Implant paths mapped on 3D images; provisional bridge designed in advance	Laboratory and clinic
Anesthesia	General anesthesia or intravenous sedation plus local anesthetic	Operating room or surgical suite
Access	Incision along the gum ridge; bone of the upper jaw and cheekbone exposed	Surgery day
Sinus path	Drill channel prepared inside or along the outer wall of the sinus toward the zygoma	Surgery day
Implant placement	Long implants seated in cheekbone; front implants placed if planned; stability checked	Surgery day
Same-day teeth	Fixed provisional bridge screwed onto implants if stability allows	Surgery day, often within hours
Early healing	Swelling, bruising and soft diet; sutures removed at review	First weeks at home
Osseointegration	Bone bonds to titanium over months (Mayo Clinic)	Home, with follow-up visits
Final bridge	Provisional replaced with definitive prosthesis once healing is confirmed	Clinic, months later

Two things stand out. First, most of the intellectual work happens before anyone is asleep: the planning stage decides the angle, the length and the sinus route for each implant. Second, “same-day teeth” describes the provisional bridge only. The final, more durable prosthesis waits until the bone has finished its part, which Mayo Clinic describes in months rather than weeks for implants generally.

Who is zygomatic implant surgery usually for, and who is asked to wait?

The typical candidate has lost most or all upper teeth and has a maxilla too thin for conventional implants, even with grafting. Several roads lead there: decades in a denture, advanced gum disease, a bone graft that failed to take, surgery for a tumor, or a congenital condition such as cleft palate that left the jaw underdeveloped. Some people are medically fit for grafting but have decided, after honest discussion, that they cannot face the extra operations and months of healing that Cleveland Clinic describes for dental bone grafts.

Others are asked to pause. Active sinus infection tops the list, because the implant will travel past that cavity; NHS guidance on sinusitis describes how the condition is recognized and treated, and most teams want a quiet sinus before operating. Uncontrolled diabetes and current smoking both slow bone healing and are discussed frankly at assessment. People taking antiresorptive medicines, a class of drugs used for osteoporosis and some cancers that reduce bone turnover, need a specific conversation, since these medicines are linked to delayed jaw healing after surgery; any change is a decision for the prescribing clinician, never for a dental appointment. Radiation to the head and neck, active gum infection around remaining teeth, and difficulty keeping the mouth clean also weigh in.

Alternatives are real and deserve equal airtime. Bone grafting with a sinus lift, in which the sinus floor is raised and packed with graft material, can rebuild enough height for standard implants, though Cleveland Clinic notes a lengthy wait for the graft to mature. Shorter or angled conventional implants sometimes work in borderline jaws. A well-made removable denture remains a legitimate choice. Which path fits you is a judgment your treating team makes with you, not a menu.

Step one: the workup, CT scans and planning the sinus path

Nobody plans a route through a cheekbone from a flat X-ray. The workup centers on a cone-beam computed tomography scan, a low-dose 3D X-ray that lets the surgeon rotate your skull on a screen and measure bone thickness to the fraction of a millimeter. On those images the team looks at four things: how much ridge remains along the upper jaw, the shape of the outer sinus wall, the volume of dense bone available in each zygoma, and the position of the eye socket above.

The sinus itself gets scrutiny. Thickened lining, retained fluid or blocked drainage on the scan may prompt a referral to an ear, nose and throat specialist before any surgical date is set. It is far easier to treat sinus disease first than to manage it around a new implant.

Medical review runs in parallel. Expect questions about blood thinners, bone medicines, diabetes control, smoking and previous anesthesia. Blood tests or a physician’s letter may be requested. This is not bureaucracy; it is the part of the process most likely to change the plan.

Once the scan is approved, planning moves to software. Each implant is drawn as a virtual cylinder from the ridge to the zygoma, and the angle is adjusted until it clears the sinus, avoids the orbit and lands in solid bone. Many teams then print a surgical guide, a custom plastic template that sits on the gums and steers the drill. Some centers use real-time navigation or robotic arms for the same purpose; the published evidence for these tools is still emerging, and they should be described as aids to planning rather than proof of a better outcome.

The provisional bridge is often designed now, so a laboratory can prepare it before surgery day.

Step two: anesthesia and the first hour in the operating room

The operation itself is usually done under general anesthesia, where you are fully asleep with an anesthesiologist managing your breathing, or under deep intravenous sedation combined with local anesthetic injected around the jaw. Which one depends on your health, the number of implants planned and the surgeon’s practice. Either way, you will not feel or remember the drilling.

After you are asleep, the team prepares the mouth and face, and the surgeon makes an incision along the crest of the gum ridge, typically from one side of the upper jaw to the other. The gum and its underlying tissue are lifted back as a single flap, exposing the bone of the maxilla, the outer wall of the sinus and the lower edge of the zygoma. A curved retractor is placed against the cheekbone to hold soft tissue away and, crucially, to shield the structures above from the drill.

Two anatomic landmarks guide the next moves. The infraorbital nerve, which supplies sensation to the cheek, the side of the nose and the upper lip, exits the bone just below the eye socket and must be protected. The orbit, the bony cup that holds the eye, lies above and behind the planned implant tip. A protective instrument is often placed at the upper border of the zygoma so the surgeon can feel where the drill is heading.

If teeth are still present, they are removed at this stage and the sockets cleaned. Any sharp or irregular bone along the ridge is smoothed so the future bridge can sit flat. Only then does drilling begin.

This first hour looks slow from the outside. That deliberateness is the point.

Step three: the sinus path, and what "intra-sinus" versus "extra-sinus" mean

The original technique, described for reconstruction after cancer surgery, ran the implant through the maxillary sinus. A small window is opened in the side wall of the sinus, the delicate lining inside is gently lifted away from the bone, and the drill passes through the sinus cavity from the ridge below to the zygoma above. The implant then follows the same channel, with part of its length exposed inside the sinus. This is the intra-sinus, or classic, approach.

Over time surgeons noticed that in some jaws the outer sinus wall is concave, curving inward like a shallow bowl. Forcing an implant along an internal route in that shape can leave the implant head emerging far toward the palate, making the bridge bulky and speech awkward. The response was the extra-sinus, or extramaxillary, approach: the implant runs along the outside of the sinus wall, in a groove prepared in the bone, touching the sinus only where anatomy dictates. Modern practice tends to be anatomy-guided, choosing the path implant by implant based on the curvature seen on the scan.

Drilling proceeds in stages with increasing diameters, under a constant stream of sterile saline to keep the bone cool; overheated bone dies rather than heals. The channel runs at a steep angle relative to the biting surface, which is why the implant looks strikingly long and oblique on a postoperative X-ray.

The implant is then driven into the zygoma until its threads engage dense bone. The surgeon measures how firmly it resists rotation, a value called insertion torque. That number, along with the tactile feel of the bone, largely decides whether teeth can be attached the same day.

Any front implants planned in the remaining ridge are placed next, using the standard technique.

Step four: same-day teeth, and how the fixed bridge is attached

Immediate loading means attaching a functioning set of teeth to implants on the day they are placed, rather than waiting for osseointegration. With single conventional implants this is done selectively. With zygomatic implants it is close to routine, for a mechanical reason: joining four or more implants together with a rigid bridge spreads chewing forces across the whole arch and stops any single implant from wobbling in its fresh channel. The bridge acts as a splint.

Before that can happen, the flap is closed. Small connector pieces called multi-unit abutments are screwed onto the implant heads so they emerge parallel to one another, and the gum is stitched around them. Impressions or a digital scan are then taken of the abutment positions and sent to the on-site laboratory, or the pre-made provisional bridge is fitted directly.

The provisional bridge is usually acrylic reinforced with a metal or fiber frame. It is screwed down, never cemented, so it can be removed at reviews. The surgeon then checks the bite carefully; a bridge that hits too hard on one side loads the implants unevenly during the most vulnerable weeks. Expect the teeth to be slightly shorter and the arch slightly simpler than the final design, deliberately.

There is an honest caveat. If insertion torque is low, if the bone at the zygoma felt soft, or if bleeding or sinus findings during surgery raised concerns, the team may choose delayed loading. A healing denture or no prosthesis at all is worn for a period while the bone bonds. Same-day teeth are the common plan, not a guarantee, and the decision is made on the table with your safety in mind.

What are the disadvantages of zygomatic implants?

Any procedure that reaches the cheekbone through the mouth carries trade-offs, and the good surgeons describe them without flinching. These are the ones that recur in the published literature and in patient conversations.

Sinus problems lead. Because the implant sits against or within the maxillary sinus, inflammation of its lining, called sinusitis, is the most frequently reported complication in the systematic review by Chrcanovic and colleagues. It may appear months or years after surgery, present as congestion, pressure or discharge, and sometimes requires treatment from an ear, nose and throat specialist. A related problem is an oroantral communication, a small persistent opening between mouth and sinus around the implant neck.

Soft-tissue recession is next. The gum over the outer jaw is thin, and if it shrinks back the implant’s metal surface can become exposed and harder to clean.

Prosthetic bulk matters day to day. Where the implant head emerges toward the palate, the bridge must be thicker there, which some people notice in speech and tongue comfort until they adapt.

Nerve and eye injury are rare but serious, and every consent form lists them. Altered sensation in the cheek or lip can follow stretching of the infraorbital nerve and usually settles, though not always. The orbit is protected by technique and instruments, yet it lies close to the implant tip.

Retrieval is difficult. A failed conventional implant is removed with a small procedure. A failed zygomatic implant is a longer, more involved operation.

Finally, the evidence base is younger and smaller than for standard implants. Long-term data exist, but from fewer centers and fewer patients. That does not make the technique unwise; it makes surgical experience and honest follow-up more important.

How painful are zygomatic implants, really?

Fear of pain drives a lot of the searching around this procedure, so it deserves a straight answer. During surgery you feel nothing, because you are either under general anesthesia or deeply sedated with the area numbed. The question is about the days afterward.

What patients most often describe is not sharp pain but heavy, tight swelling across the cheeks and under the eyes, along with bruising that can spread downward and look worse than it feels, and stiffness when opening the mouth. The tissue that was lifted from the bone is sore, in the way any surgical site is. Chewing on a fresh provisional bridge feels strange for a while because the gum is healing under it.

Pain relief is planned before you leave. Your team will prescribe or recommend medicines suited to your health and any other drugs you take; this article deliberately gives no doses or names, because those decisions rest with the prescribing clinician and vary from person to person. Mechanically, the plan usually pairs an anti-inflammatory approach, which targets the swelling that drives much of the discomfort, with something for breakthrough pain in the first days, then steps down. Cold compresses in the first day or two and sleeping with the head raised help many people.

Discomfort should follow a downward curve: worst around the second and third days, then easing. Pain that climbs after it has begun to fall, that is one-sided and throbbing, or that comes with fever or a bad taste is not normal healing and belongs in the “When to call your doctor” section below.

People who have been through both often say a zygomatic procedure was more swollen but not more painful than a large grafting operation. That is anecdote, not evidence, so take it as reassurance rather than prediction.

Zygomatic implants recovery time: what the first days and weeks usually look like

Recovery runs on two clocks. The visible one, swelling and bruising, resolves fairly quickly. The invisible one, bone bonding to titanium, takes far longer and dictates when the final teeth arrive.

The first night is often spent in a hospital or surgical facility if general anesthesia was used, then home. Swelling peaks over the following two to three days, a pattern Mayo Clinic describes for implant surgery generally, and cheeks can feel tight enough that smiling is awkward. Bruising may track down toward the jawline and neck before fading through the usual yellow-green stages.

Diet is soft and cool for the first stretch: yogurt, soups once they have cooled, mashed foods, scrambled eggs. The provisional bridge is functional, but it is not there for steak. Your team will tell you when to progress, usually in steps over several weeks as the gum heals under the bridge.

Mouth care starts on day one with gentle rinsing as instructed, and progresses to careful brushing around the abutments once stitches settle. Sutures are removed or dissolve at a review appointment in the first weeks. Nose blowing, sneezing with the mouth closed, drinking through straws and smoking are typically discouraged early on, because each raises or drops pressure in the sinus next to the fresh implant channel.

Most people return to desk work within days to a week or two, depending on swelling and how they feel about being seen. Heavy exercise waits longer.

The bone clock runs on. Mayo Clinic notes that osseointegration for implants takes months, and only once the team is satisfied that each implant is solid is the provisional bridge replaced with the definitive one. Between those points, expect scheduled reviews, X-rays and adjustments to the bite.

What is the success rate of zygomatic implants? The evidence, without spin

Marketing pages quote a single confident number. The literature is more careful, and more useful.

The most cited synthesis is the systematic review by Chrcanovic, Albrektsson and Wennerberg, published in the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and indexed on PubMed. Pooling the published series available to them, the authors calculated a cumulative survival rate for zygomatic implants of just over 95 percent at twelve years. Survival here means the implant was still in place and in use, not that everything about it was trouble-free.

Three qualifications matter. First, the pooled data came from studies of varying quality and follow-up, many from experienced specialist centers; results from a surgeon early in their learning curve may differ. Second, most failures in the review clustered early, in the first months after placement, when osseointegration either happens or does not. Third, survival is not the same as complication-free: the same review found sinusitis to be the most frequently reported problem, and soft-tissue and prosthetic complications also appeared.

Nothing in these numbers should be read as a promise for any individual. A 95 percent pooled figure does not tell you your odds; it tells you what happened across a large, mixed group of patients under study conditions. Your own risk moves with smoking status, sinus health, bone quality at the zygoma, general health and how well the bridge is maintained.

Compared with grafting, the honest statement is that both approaches have long track records, that zygomatic implants avoid the graft-failure step and the months of waiting, and that they trade that advantage for a more demanding operation with its own complication profile. Which trade you prefer is a conversation, not a calculation.

What people often get wrong about zygomatic implant surgery steps

Misconceptions cluster around this procedure, partly because it sounds dramatic and partly because online descriptions skip the middle.

Myth one: the implant goes into the eye socket or the brain. It does not. The zygoma is a thick block of bone below and to the side of the orbit; the implant tip is planned on 3D imaging to stop within it. The orbit is protected during surgery precisely because it is a neighbor, not a destination.

Myth two: same-day teeth means the treatment is finished the same day. The provisional bridge is a splint that happens to look like teeth. The definitive bridge follows only after bone healing that Mayo Clinic describes in months.

Myth three: zygomatic implants are for anyone who wants to avoid grafting. They are designed for jaws where bone is genuinely insufficient. In a jaw that can take standard implants, most surgeons would not reach for the cheekbone.

Myth four: they never need bone grafting at all. Some plans still add small grafts around the implant neck or at the front of the jaw to support the gum and improve the shape of the ridge.

Myth five: sinus complications mean the implant has failed. Sinusitis near a zygomatic implant is a recognized problem that is usually treated while the implant stays in place, according to the Chrcanovic review; failure is a separate event.

Myth six: once the bridge is on, cleaning takes care of itself. Fixed bridges collect food and plaque underneath, and the implant surfaces close to the sinus lining are precisely the ones you want spotless. Daily cleaning under the bridge with the tools your team recommends, and regular professional maintenance, are part of the treatment, not an optional extra.

Questions to ask your care team before zygomatic implant surgery

A consultation goes better with a list in hand. These questions are not challenges; they are the ones experienced surgeons expect and, in most cases, welcome.

• Why is my jaw not suitable for conventional implants, and have grafting, shorter implants or a well-fitted denture been considered for me?
• How many zygomatic implants are planned, and will conventional implants be used at the front as well?
• Which sinus route do you intend for each implant, and what on my scan drove that choice?
• What is your own experience with this procedure, and who else will be in the operating room?
• Will I have general anesthesia or sedation, and will I stay overnight?
• Is same-day loading planned, and what would make you decide to delay it?
• How will my sinuses be assessed beforehand, and who manages sinus problems if they arise later?
• What symptoms after surgery should prompt me to call, and how do I reach someone out of hours?
• How is my pain relief planned around the other medicines I take?
• When will the final bridge be made, and how will you confirm the implants have integrated?
• How do I clean under the bridge, and how often will I need professional maintenance?
• If an implant fails, what does removal and replacement involve?

Bring your full medicine list, including supplements, and mention any bone-strengthening or cancer medicines, blood thinners, and prior head or neck radiation. If English is not your first language, ask for an interpreter; consent for an operation of this scale should never rest on a half-understood sentence. Write the answers down or bring someone to listen with you. A good team will pause the process if you want a second opinion, and MedlinePlus’s guidance on tooth loss and its treatments is a reasonable, neutral place to read around the subject before you decide.

When to call your doctor after zygomatic implant surgery

Most recovery is uneventful, but the anatomy involved means a short list of warning signs deserves a same-day call to your surgical team, or emergency care if it is severe. Do not wait for a scheduled review.

Call urgently or seek emergency care if you notice any change in vision, double vision, or new swelling that pushes the eye forward; difficulty breathing or swallowing, or swelling spreading toward the neck or floor of the mouth; heavy bleeding that does not slow with firm pressure on a gauze pad; or a fever with shaking chills. These are rare, and they are the reasons the eye and airway are watched so carefully during the operation.

Call your team the same day for pain that increases after it had started to settle, particularly if it is one-sided and throbbing; a foul taste or smell, pus, or discharge draining from the nose on one side; air or fluid passing between your mouth and nose when you drink; numbness of the cheek, nose or lip that persists beyond the early days or is worsening; or a bridge that feels loose, clicks, or moves when you bite.

Sinus symptoms need a lower threshold than usual. NHS guidance describes sinusitis as facial pain or pressure, congestion and reduced sense of smell, and advises seeking medical advice when symptoms are severe or fail to improve after about ten days. After a zygomatic implant, tell your surgical team about these symptoms early rather than treating them yourself, so that the implant and the sinus can be assessed together.

Years later, the same rules apply. New congestion on one side, a bad taste, gum shrinking away from metal, or a change in how the bridge sits are all reasons to book a review. The decision about what to do next belongs to your treating team, but the phone call belongs to you.

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to recover from zygomatic implant surgery?

Visible recovery, meaning swelling and bruising, usually settles within the first weeks, while bone bonding to the implants continues for months. Mayo Clinic describes osseointegration for dental implants as a process measured in months, and the definitive bridge is fitted only after the team confirms each implant is solid. Soft foods, gentle mouth care and avoiding pressure changes in the sinus are typical early instructions. Your surgeon sets the timeline for your case.

How painful are zygomatic implants during and after surgery?

You feel nothing during the procedure because it is performed under general anesthesia or deep sedation with local anesthetic. Afterward, most people describe heavy swelling, bruising under the eyes and jaw stiffness rather than sharp pain, peaking around the second or third day and then easing. Pain relief is planned by your prescribing clinician around your other medicines. Pain that worsens after improving, or comes with fever or a bad taste, should be reported.

What are the disadvantages of zygomatic implants?

The main drawbacks are a more demanding operation, a higher chance of sinus inflammation because the implant sits beside or within the maxillary sinus, possible gum recession exposing the implant surface, a bulkier bridge toward the palate, rare nerve or eye injury, and difficult removal if an implant fails. The systematic review by Chrcanovic and colleagues identifies sinusitis as the most frequently reported complication. The evidence base is also smaller than for conventional implants.

What is the success rate of zygomatic implants?

The most cited systematic review, by Chrcanovic, Albrektsson and Wennerberg on PubMed, calculated a cumulative survival rate just over 95 percent at twelve years across pooled published series. Survival means the implant remained in place, not that no complications occurred. Most failures happened early, during the bone-bonding period. These figures describe groups studied under specialist conditions and cannot predict any individual outcome, which depends on sinus health, bone quality, smoking and maintenance.

Do zygomatic implants go through the sinus?

Sometimes. The classic technique passes the implant through the maxillary sinus after lifting its lining, while the extra-sinus approach runs it along the outside of the sinus wall in a groove prepared in the bone. Surgeons choose the route implant by implant based on the curvature of the sinus wall seen on a cone-beam CT scan. Neither route enters the eye socket; the implant tip is planned to stop within the dense bone of the cheekbone.

Do I still need a bone graft with zygomatic implants?

Usually not for the cheekbone anchorage itself, which is the point of the technique. Some treatment plans still add small grafts around the implant neck or at the front of the jaw to support the gum and improve the ridge shape for the bridge. Cleveland Clinic describes traditional grafting as taking months to mature before implants can be placed, which is the step zygomatic implants are designed to avoid. Your surgeon will explain whether any grafting is planned in your case.

Will I be awake during zygomatic implant surgery?

No. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, where an anesthesiologist keeps you fully asleep, or under deep intravenous sedation combined with local anesthetic. The choice depends on your general health, the number of implants and your surgeon’s practice. If general anesthesia is used, an overnight stay in a hospital or surgical facility is common. Ask your team which approach is planned and what to expect when you wake up.

How many zygomatic implants are needed for a full upper arch?

Most plans use either two zygomatic implants at the back combined with conventional implants at the front, or four zygomatic implants when the front of the jaw is also too thin, a pattern often called a quad configuration. Both approaches appear throughout the published series pooled in the Chrcanovic systematic review. The number is decided from your cone-beam CT scan, based on where enough bone exists, and is confirmed by the surgeon during the operation.

What happens if I get sinus problems years after zygomatic implants?

Report new one-sided congestion, facial pressure, a bad taste or nasal discharge to your surgical team rather than treating it yourself. Sinusitis near a zygomatic implant is a recognized late complication in the literature and is usually managed with the implant left in place, sometimes with help from an ear, nose and throat specialist. NHS guidance describes sinusitis symptoms and advises medical review when they are severe or persist beyond about ten days.

Can zygomatic implants be removed if they fail?

Yes, but removal is a more involved operation than taking out a conventional implant, because the implant is long and anchored in the cheekbone. Failure is uncommon and, according to the Chrcanovic review, tends to occur early during the bone-bonding phase. If one implant fails, the bridge is often redesigned around the remaining implants or a replacement is placed once healing allows. Your treating team decides the plan based on your anatomy and the reason for failure.

References

• Cleveland Clinic: Dental bone graft
• Cleveland Clinic: Dental implants
• PubMed: Survival and complications of zygomatic implants: an updated systematic review (Chrcanovic, Albrektsson, Wennerberg)
• NHS: Sinusitis (sinus infection)

This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor about your individual situation.