Empyema: What a Pleural Infection Is, Its Symptoms and Causes, and How It Is Treated
Empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space, the thin gap between the lung and the chest wall. It most often develops…
1,882 plain-language articles across 61 topics, symptoms explained, nutrition, lab results, medical technology and everyday wellbeing, written by Dr. Şule Eren, published daily by the group behind 45 hospitals and clinics in Türkiye, Bulgaria, Serbia, Netherlands and North Macedonia. For clinical guidance on a condition or procedure, see the Patient Guides.
Empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural space, the thin gap between the lung and the chest wall. It most often develops…
Ketones in urine mean the body is burning fat for fuel instead of glucose. Common, usually harmless causes include fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, prolonged exercise,…
SGOT is the older name for AST, an enzyme released into the blood when liver, muscle or heart cells are damaged. Most labs consider…
The ALT (SGPT) blood test measures an enzyme that leaks from liver cells when they are irritated or damaged. Many labs list roughly 7…
A high neutrophil count, called neutrophilia, usually means the body is responding to something: a bacterial infection, inflammation, physical stress, smoking, steroid medicines or…
Lymphocytes high on a blood test, called lymphocytosis, usually means your immune system is responding to something, most often a viral infection that will…
Leukocytosis means the white blood cell count on a blood test is higher than the laboratory's reference range, usually above roughly 11,000 cells per…
There is no single best country for plastic surgery. Outcomes depend far more on the individual surgeon's verified training, the facility's accreditation and emergency…
IVF cost by country varies mainly with local wages, regulation, what a quoted "cycle" actually includes and whether medication, embryo freezing and genetic testing…
E-max veneers cost EUR 250-500 per tooth on our guide range for international patients in Türkiye, against a Turkish market average of EUR 200-400,…
Lumineers are a trade name for ultra-thin, minimal-preparation porcelain veneers, and they are usually priced per tooth in the same broad bracket as conventional…
A full Hollywood smile - usually 20 to 24 porcelain veneers or crowns across the teeth that show when you smile - sits at…
Deep brain stimulation cost is not one bill but three: a multidisciplinary assessment, the implant surgery itself (leads, extension wires and a pulse generator…
Labiaplasty cost depends on technique, anesthesia, surgeon and setting rather than on a single list price. Our guide range for international patients is EUR…
There is no single limb lengthening surgery cost, and an honest surgeon will not quote one before assessing you. The total is built in…
There is no single best country for bariatric surgery. Evidence-based safety depends less on geography than on the specific team: a high-volume surgeon, an…
Heart transplant cost has no single figure. The price spans pre-transplant evaluation, time on the waiting list, donor organ recovery, the operation, intensive care,…
In the UK, cataract surgery is free on the NHS once a cataract is affecting your daily life, but you may wait weeks or…
Choose which cookies you allow. Essential cookies are always on because the site cannot work without them.